PLANNING AND PLANTING THE HOME GROUNDS. 325 



platform to nm on snow were all the appliances used 

 three years ago in moving about one hundred trees, 

 deciduous and evergreen, on a part of the Iowa Agricul- 

 tural College campus, that had been for years in vineyard. 

 In planting, moist dirt from ground covered with strawy 

 manure was used for filling tightly around the frozen ball, 

 and the tops were prevented from swaying in the wind by 

 wires attached to stakes driven in the ground. No prun- 

 ing of the tops was done, except on the large pines, which 

 were cut back quite severely at the points of growth (153). 

 Only two trees were lost out of near one hundred planted. 

 306. The Need of Hardy Trees and Shrubs.— The main 

 purpose of these brief notes on home surroundings has 

 been to give some practical hints on the location of tree^ 

 and shrubs on the home grounds of the farmer and 

 subiirban residents of moderate means. The large places 

 and parks are usually cared for by those who make it a 

 business. The importance of impressing the need of 

 planting the hardiest known shrubs and trees, on home 

 grounds, school grounds, and cemeteries specially, cannot 

 be overrated. Even as .far south as Atlanta, Georgia, 

 Jacksonville, Florida, and Hot Springs, Arkansas, the 

 visitor in the summer of 1895 saw more crippled or dead 

 fruit trees, ornamental trees, and shrubs than ever has 

 been seen in the Northern States. The cemeteries over 

 the whole South showed a few perfect varieties and species 

 that seemed to be more beautiful than ever standing amid 

 the desolation wrought by the cold on the more tender 

 species of the south and west Europe. After what are 

 known as the "test winters," this loss of trees on private 

 grounds and in cemeteries and parks is found not only in 

 the prairie States, but east of the lakes and in the South. 

 Hence the writer's respect for such trees and shrubs as 

 Out-leaved birch, Silver spruce (Picea pungens). Duchess 



