330 HORTICULTURAL MANUAL. 



and on large lawns. Like all our widely distributed native 

 trees the species varies in hardiness and even in habit as 

 grown in widely separated localities. Varieties from the 

 South or East will not thrive on the prairie, but our native 

 variety makes as fine trees as can be found in New 

 England. Some specimens that have had plenty of room, 

 planted in open prairie exposure forty years ago, have now 

 a spread of top of ninety feet or more. 



Ulmus effusa, from east Europe, is also a grand tree for 

 ornamental planting or shade over the prairie States, but 

 as yet it has not b'een propagated to any great extent. 



The cork-barked white elm ( Ulmus racemosa) has been 

 thus far a neglected tree. It has not been propagated or 

 recommended for ornamental planting. But as found 

 native in north Iowa, it is one of the most desirable of 

 the elms, where rather compact, round-topped trees are 

 desirable. 



The red elm ( Ulmus fulva) is used to some extent in 

 ornamental planting at the East and Southeast. At the 

 West the native trees make a fine appearance in groups, 

 but isolated trees in open exposure are liable to fungus 

 growths on the branches and leaves. 



The European elm ( Ulmus campestris) is more upright 

 and compact than our white elm and is used to some 

 extent in Eastern planting, but it is not hardy in the 

 prairie States. 



315. The Hackberry {Oeltis occidentalis). — This also has 

 been a neglected tree by propagators and planters. As 

 found native in the prairie States, it forms a round-topped 

 tree of rapid growth, with exceedingly varied shade of 

 foliage on different trees. In fact by propagating special 

 variations in one lot of seedlings we may have a large 

 number of distinct varieties. It is easily propagated from 

 the crushed berries stratified for spring planting. 



