SOME OF THE ORXAMEN'TAL SHRUBS AND VIXES. 357 



Northern winters without autumn pruning and covering. 

 East of the lakes such bedding varieties as La France, 

 Meteor, Madame Plantier, and Bride are regarded hardy. 

 Also such hybrid perpetuals as General Jacqueminot, Anna 

 de Diesbach, Marshall P. Wilder, and Mabel Morrison are 

 hardy enough, and the same is true of such climbers as 

 Baltimore Belle, Prairie Qaeen, and Crimson Eambler. 

 West of the lakes all these and others are grown but in 

 autumn all except the climbers are cut back (153) and 

 covered with leaves, sods, or earth. In the South and in 

 California nearly all roses are hardy, and it is only a 

 matter of local selection of varieties, as it is in all parts of 

 the States east of the mountains. 



West of the lakes and north of the 41st parallel the 

 truly hardy roses are such as Rosa rugosa and its hybrids, 

 Madame Plantier and Harrison's Yellow. Among the 

 hybrids of Rosa rugosa are now found some desirable 

 double varieties of value even where the old varieties do 

 dwell. This is specially true of Ames, Hansen, Charles 

 Frederick Worth, and Madame George Bruant. 



It is often truly said that failure in rose-growing most 

 frequently arises from not making the soil rich enough. 

 Like the currant, the rose will bear heavy manuring, pref- 

 erably with cow manure; and where coarse manure is used 

 for covering the cut-back bushes in the fall, this covering 

 is spread and used for mulching and final spading into 

 the soil. 



339. Evergreen Shrubs. — East of the Great Lakes and 

 over a large part of the South the boxwood {Buxus sem- 

 pervirens), mountain laurel {Kalmia latifolia), American 

 holly {Ilex opaca), great laurel (RJwdodendron maxima), 

 and the beautiful mountain laurel {Rhododendron catniu- 

 liense) can be used to great advantage in shady positions 

 and as undergrowth on the borders of tree groups. But 



