30 FOREST PRODUCTS 



spruce now convert their smaller and crooked logs into chips, which are 

 used in some sulphite mills. 



In a large mill in the Adirondacks cutting 90,000 bd. ft. of lumber 

 per day about 2I carloads of sulphite chips, which is equivalent to about 

 IS cords of chips, are secured from 1900 logs per day. All logs which are 

 symmetrical and straight and which are over 6 in. in diameter at the 

 small end are manufactured into lumber. All crooked logs above this 

 diameter and all logs below 6 in. in size at the small end go into pulpwood. 

 All balsam fir logs of the smaller diameters also go into pulpwood. 



Value of Pulpwood. 



There has always been a great variation in the price paid for pulp- 

 wood at the mills. In 1916 the price generally varied for rough pulp- 

 wood between about $4.00 and $11.00 per cord, for peeled wood between 

 about $5.00 and $16.00 per cord and for rossed wood between $6.00 and 

 $18.00 per cord. The average cost for wood of all forms in 1916 was 

 $8.76 per cord, delivered at the mill. The price of pulpwood has steadily 

 advanced during the past two decades, until in 1919 $16.00 to $18.00 

 was quoted. 



The total value of the raw material in the form of pulpwood delivered 

 at the mills in 1916 was $45,785,682. In 1909 the total value of the pulp- 

 wood consumed was $34,477,540. 



REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PULP MILL 



The following are usually considered the principal requirements 

 necessary for the location of a pulp mill. 



1. A large initial investment. The machinery required for reduction 

 of wood to the different forms of pulp is known to be the most highly 

 specialized and one of the most expensive forms used in any of our 

 industries. Not only is the machinery very specialized and expensive, 

 but large and substantially constructed buildings are required to house 

 it. Many of our pulp mills cost from $400,000 to $800,000 or more for 

 the initial investment. 



2. A large and continuous supply of wood of a desirable kind and 

 reasonably accessible so that it can be delivered sufficiently cheap. The 

 average pulp mill in this country consumes about 22,700 cords per annum. 



3. A plentiful supply of clean water. For washing the fibers and 

 carrying the pulp to the machines, enormous quantities of clear, pure 

 water are required. 



