TIGHT COOPERAGE 



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In finishing tight cooperage barrels, fiat steel or iron hoops are used 

 almost entirely, as they are stronger and less liable to breakage and dam- 

 age than wooden hoops. They are, however, much more expensive 

 than the wooden hoops. ^ 



Fig. 42. — Machine for chamfering, howeling and crozing tight barrels. 



Many of the tight-barrel plants assemble from 300 to 1000 or more 

 packages per day of ten hours. In a plant turning out from 500 to 800 

 barrels formed of 34-in. staves and 2o|-in. heading the following labor 

 was employed. All of the men excepting the foreman received ordinary 

 day wages running from $1.75 to $2.25 per day before the war: 

 I man to bring in the bundles of staves. 

 I man raising and setting up the staves, 

 I man to steam the barrels and to operate the windlass to bring the staves 



together with the top hoop. 

 I man looking after the stoves or heaters. 

 I man to level up the barrels. 

 I man to run the trusser. 

 I man to croze the barrels. 

 I man to bore bung holes. 

 I man operating the heading-up machine. 

 I man at the thin hooper. 

 I man testing barrels. 

 I man making hoops. 

 I man inspecting and repairing barrels. 

 I foreman. 



