260 FOREST PRODUCTS 



Export Boxes. 



The proper designing of boxes to carry American exports is now more 

 important than ever because of the expansion in our foreign trade. Very- 

 stringent specifications for boxes to carry suppKes to France during 191 8 

 were adopted by the War Department and used to some extent com- 

 merciariy. However, the requirements of an export box may be summed 

 up as: (i) proper size for convenient handhng, all the way to destination; 

 (2) sound lumber, heavy enough for the net weight, but no heavier, 

 and cleats on all boxes weighing from 75 to 100 lb. and up; (3) end nails 

 not over 2 in. apart; side nails 6 in. apart. Penny of nail = thickness 

 of piece holding point of nail after driving expressed in eighths of an inch 

 (plus one penny for softwoods); (4) strapping, generally around both 

 ends I in. to 3 in. from inside of end and of about 250 lb. tensile strength 

 for boxes 90 lb. gross and up to 850 lb. tensile strength for boxes up to 

 250 to 500 lb. gross. For waterproofing boxes, metal liners may be used 

 and several paper manufacturers now make waterproof lining paper for 

 boxes. Anti-rust and an ti- tarnish paper, etc., can also be secured for 

 packing valuable commodities. 



EXPORT OF SHOOKS 



This country is an important exporter of box shooks. The trade in 

 these commodities has been developed largely to Cuba, Mexico, Brazil, 

 Argentina, the West Indies, and England. 



The following table shows the value of box shooks exported from the 

 United States to all other countries for the years 1914 to 1918, inclusive: 



EXPORTS OF BOX SHOOKS FOR YEARS ENDING JUNE 30 

 Year. Value. 



1914 $2,812,749 



1915 2,327,220 



1916 3,034,332 



1917 4,386,17s 



1918 3,304,222 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Bitting, A. W. Dr. Box Specifications. Reviews experiments and gives speci- 

 fications for canned-goods boxes. National Canners' Association, Washington: 

 1917. BuUeton 40. 



Bureau of Explosives. Regulations for Transportation of Explosives and Specifica- 

 tions for Shipping Containers, I. C. C. July 15, 1918. Compiled and also 

 published by Bureau of Explosives, 30 Vesey Street, New York City. 



