280 



FOREST PRODUCTS 



feet.i It was made on several small tie sales from National Forest 

 timber. 



Number of number i ties per thousand board-feet, 37. 



NUMBER 2 TIES 



Number of number 2 ties per thousand board-feet 81 



Per cent of number 2 ties iij 



Average scale of number i and number 2 ties 25.5 



Number of number i and number 2 ties per thousand board-feet 39 



Koch concluded from this study that 40 ties should be considered 

 equivalent to 1000 ft., board measure, instead of 30 as at present. 



In a large tie sawmill cutting ties 7 in. thick by 8 in. wide and 8 ft. 

 long, from a run of 148,311 logs which scaled 14,135,310 bd. ft. (about 

 10 logs per thousand), 419,199 ties were yielded in addition to about 

 15,687 cords of slabwood. It was determined, therefore, that from sim- 

 ilar-sized logs, 30 ties and i cord of slabwood should be derived per thou- 

 sand board feet. 



As noted before, the Great Northern triangular tie contains 40 bd. ft. 

 each so that there are only 25 ties of this size to the thousand board feet. 



Hewing. 



Hewing, generally speaking, refers to the operation of felling, limbing, 

 scoring, facing and bucking the tree into tie lengths. It is sometimes 

 called " making " ties. 



The tie makers, also called " tie hacks," " hackers," etc., usually 



' Number i ties were 8 ft. long, 7 in. thick, not less than 8 in. nor more than 12 in. in 

 width. Number 2 ties were of the same length with a 7-in. face and 6 in. in thickness. 



