288 



FOREST PRODUCTS 



Some sawed ties are made in the East in portable mills and in double 

 or twin-circular mills, by slabbing either 2 or 4 sides. 



Generally speaking it costs more to deliver sawed ties on the market 

 than hewed ties. In the central hardwood region it is commonly under- 

 stood that it costs about 5 cents per tie more to deliver sawed white oak 

 ties on the market than hewed ties, with the same given conditions of 

 timber, accessibility, specifications, etc. In this region the cost of sawing 

 ties on four sides is 10 cents apiece for ties 7 in. in thickness, 8 in. in width 

 and 8| ft. long and 8 cents apiece for ties 6 in. in thickness, 8 in. in width 

 and 8 ft. long. Felling and logging of timber to the sawmill is about 12 

 cents per tie for the first-named size and 10 cents for the latter size. 

 The added cost of sawed ties over hewed ties is due usually to the increased 

 logging expense of hauling the log and waste slabs to the mill. In hewing, 

 the tie is made on the ground, skidded to the haul-road and then brought 

 directly to the railroad. 



A typical example of the cost of producing sawed ties 7 in. X 8 in. X8 ft. 

 long along the Ohio River was as follows: 



Stumpage 



Felling 



Logging 



Sawing, yarding, etc . 

 Hauling (2-6 miles) . . 



Totals . 



Cost per 1000 Feet, 

 Board Measure. 



$6.0o-$io.oo 

 1-25- I. 25 

 1.50- :i.0O 

 4 . 00- 5 . 00 

 I . 00- 2 . 50 



Ji3.7S-$2o.7S 



Cost per Tie at 30 Ties 

 per 1000 Bd. ft. 



200-$. 333 

 041- ,041 

 050- .067 

 133- 167 

 033- 083 



45 7-$. 691 



As noted before, where sawlogs run about ten to the thousand board- 

 feet, about 30 ties, 7 in. X8 in. X8 ft. can be sawed from each thousand 

 board-feet. 



The cost of sawing Douglas fir ties in the Northwest was found to be as 

 follows, at one mill. Lumber was the main product and only the smaller 

 logs and hearts of larger logs were sawed into ties : 



Cost per Tie at 



30 Ties per looo 



BdTft. 



Stumpage 



Cutting logs (felling and bucking) 



Skidding 



Hauling to mill 



Sawing 



Overhead: depreciation, interest, taxes, sales expense... 



$.067 

 .020 

 .041 

 .091 

 .067 

 .041 



$-327 



