POLES AND PILING 305 



tape to surface of pole, and if, for illustration, upon a 30-ft. pole said widest point 

 does not exceed 5 in., said pole comes within the meaning of these specifications. 



Butt Rot. 



Butt rot in center, including small ring rot, shall not exceed 10 per cent of the area 

 of the butt. Butt rot of a character which impairs the strength of the pole above the 

 ground is a defect. 



Knots. 



Large knots, if sound and trimmed smooth, are not a defect. 



Dead or Dry Streaks. 



A perfectly sound, dead or dry streak shall not be considered a defect when it 

 does not materially impair the strength of the pole. 



The following are the standard specifications of the Northwestern 

 Cedarmen's Association of the Lake States covering the output of north- 

 ern white cedar: 



Standard Telegraph, Telephone and Electric Poles. Sizes 4-in., 25 ft. and up- 

 wards. Above poles must be cut from live growing timber, peeled and reasonably 

 well proportioned for their length. Tops must be reasonably sound, must measure 

 in circumference as follows: Seasoned 4-in. poles, 12 in.; 5-in. poles, 15 in.; 6-in. 

 poles, 185 in.; 7-in. poles, 22 in. If poles are green, fresh cut or water soaked, then 

 4-in. poles must measure 125 in.; 5-in. poles, 16 in.; 6-in. poles, 195 in.; 7-in. poles, 

 22j in. in circumference at top end. Length may be | in. scant for each 5 ft. in 

 length and 6 in. long for any length from 20 ft. up. 



One-way sweep allowable not exceeding i in. for every 5 ft., for example, in a 25-ft. 

 pole, sweep not to exceed 5 in., and in a 40-ft. pole 8 in. Measurement for sweep 

 shall be taken as follows: That part of the pole when in the ground (6 ft.) not being 

 taken into account in arriving at sweep, tightly stretch a tape line on the side of 

 the pole where the sweep is greatest, from a point 6 ft. from the butt to the upper 

 surface at top, and having so done measure widest point from tape to surface of pole 

 and if, for illustration, upon a 25-ft. pole said widest point does not exceed 5 in. said 

 pole comes within the meaning of these specifications. Butt rot in the center includ- 

 ing small ring rot outside of the center: Total rot must not exceed 10 per cent of the 

 area of the butt. Butt rot of a character which plainly seriously impairs the strength 

 of the pole above the ground is a defect. Wind twist is not a defect unless very 

 unsightly and exaggerated. Rough, large knots if sound and trimmed smooth are 

 not a defect. 



The following are the specifications of one of the largest purchasers 

 of poles in this country as applied to chestnut. To determine the char- 

 acter of poles to be used, pole lines are divided into the following classes: 



Class A. A 50-, 60-, 70- or 80-wire line, the heaviest used. 



Class B. Heavy trunk line with a capacity for 40 wires on four lo-pin cross arms. 

 Ten of the wires may be No. 8 B. W. G. copper. 



