DYE WOODS AND MATERIALS 417 



Logwood contains from 9 to 1 2 per cent of the coloring essence called 

 haematoxylin, from which is derived haemitin, the true dye color. Log- 

 wood is chiefly used for the black colors and it is considered superior to 

 the aniline blacks. It is also used, to some extent, for blues and other 

 dark colors and with other dye materials for composite colors. Its 

 principal use is on silks and wool. When acids are likely to come into 

 contact with it, logwood black is not considered so very good, but these 

 cases are exceptional. It is also used on leather and to a limited degree 

 on cotton. 



Under normal conditions, logwood brings from $20.00 to $25.00 per 

 ton delivered at our Atlantic ports, but since the war prices have risen 

 enormously and have become very unstable due to over-speculation, the 

 elimination of the German supply of aniline dyes and the exceptionally 

 high ocean freight rates. Maximum prices of $110 per ton have been 

 quoted and many sales have been made at from $55.00 to $80.00 per ton 

 at New York and other ports. The importations of logwood increased 

 from 30,062 tons for the year ending June 30, 1914, to 122,794 tons for 

 the year ending June 30, 191 7. 



Brazil-woods. 



Brazil-woods or the soluble redwoods include a variety of woods 

 of the genus Casalpinia used for red dyes, which appear on the market 

 under a great confusion of trade names. Although of the same genus 

 they vary considerably in their value for dyeing purposes. The coloring 

 matter braziline is found in varying quantities in all these woods, which 

 are hard, heavy, durable and even grained in all species. Hypernic is 

 the trade name applied to the extract obtained from the soluble redwoods. 



Pernambuco-wood from C. crista L. is recognized as the most valuable 

 of these woods and grows largely in Brazil and Jamaica. The wood is 

 yellowish-red with a distinct brown or brownish red on the surface. 



Brazil-wood from C. braziliensis Sw. comes from Brazil and generally 

 throughout the West Indies and Bahamas. 



Sappan-wood from C. sappan L. comes from Siam, China, Japan, 

 Ceylon and the East Indies. Its wood is somewhat lighter in color than 

 the other redwoods of this genus. 



Lima-wood or Nicaragua wood from C. bijuga Sw. comes from the 

 Central American countries and the northern countries of South Amer- 

 ica. Other trade names used for these and other species of CcEsalpinia 

 are braziletto, peach wood, South American basswood, etc. 



Brazil-wood normally brings from $23.00 to $26.00 per ton at the 

 Atlantic seaboard ports. Since the outbreak of the European war it 



