418 FOREST PRODUCTS 



brought from $35.00 to $46.00 or more per ton. Extracts from the 

 Brazil-woods are chiefly used in wool and cotton dyeing. 



Fustic. 



Fustic is the principal source of natural yellow dyes and has been in 

 common use for a long time. Next to logwood it is the most important 

 dye wood imported into this country. Owing to its comparative scarcity 

 many substitutes have been used to displace it and osage orange is becom- 

 ing a prominent competitor for yellow colors. 



True fustic comes from the fustic tree of the West Indies and tropical 

 America. The scientific name of the tree is Chlorophora tinctoria, Gaud. 

 (also described as Madura tinctoria, D. Don and Morus tinctoria L.). 

 Fustic is sold under a variety of trade names such as old fustic, fustic 

 mulberry, yellow wood, Cuba wood and mora. It contains two color- 

 ing principles, morin or moric acid and maclurin or moritannic acid, 

 both of which are used for yellow dyes and are found in the commercial 

 extract. 



The fustic tree reaches a size of only about 2 ft. in diameter and about 

 50 ft. in height in its native habitat. The wood is fairly hard and heavy. 

 The heartwood is a light-colored yellow which rapidly becomes a yellow- 

 ish brown on exposure to air and light. The sap is white and very thin. 

 It is always trimmed off before shipment to save freight as it does not 

 contain sufficient coloring matter. 



Fustic is usually imported in the form of logs from 2 to 4 ft. long and 

 ffom 3 to 12 in. in diameter. It is sometimes brought to this country 

 in the form of chips, powder, liquid extract and paste. The wood 

 ordinarily brings from $18.00 to $22.00 per ton on the docks in this 

 country. Since 1914 and during the heavy speculation in dyewoods it 

 brought as high as $45.00 per ton, but seldom ran over $35.00 to $40.00 

 per ton. 



Fustic dyes are largely used for yellows, browns and olives and in 

 connection with logwood dyes for toning the darker colors, especially on 

 woolens. 



Red Sandalwood or Saunderswood. 



Pterocarpus santalinus L. is used to some extent for red dyes 

 through its coloring principle called santaline, of which it is said to con- 

 tain 16 per cent. It grows in Java and the East Indies as well as in 

 China and yields a very hard, heavy and slightly resinous wood which 

 is described as being a deep orange-red with fighter zones running through 

 it. On exposure it turns a very deep red. A number of other woods 



