Speating and Peotective Calendab. 183 



As their sucking tubes would push harmlesisly to one 

 side the particles of poison deposited on the surface of 

 leaf or twig these insects can not be reached through their 

 stomachs. They must therefore, be destroyed through ex- 

 ternal applications. Kerosene (preferably as an emul- 

 sion — Formula 3a) is found to stop their breathing pores 

 and instantly smother them, and in the past has been the 

 chief weapon against sucking insects. But on account of 

 the difficulty in economically applying it, Whale Oil Soap 

 (Formula 4), though not so effective, is preferable when- 

 ever it can be substituted. Certain other preparations', 

 as Pyrethrum (or Dalmatian powder — ^Formula 6), To- 

 bacco Infusion (Formula 5), etc., are also more or less 

 serviceable. > 



II. FuNGOTTs Affections. 



Fungoid and bacterial affections are more numerous 

 and widespread than insect pests, and usually more in- 

 sidious, yet effective remedies, while many, may, for all 

 practical purposes, be reduced to one : Bordeaux Mixture. 

 This, if a fungus is capable of control, will generally prove 

 more effective than any other fungicide. It may be su- 

 perseded, when it is desirable not to stain the fruit by 

 Ammonical Copper Carbonate (Formula 11). 



