ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF THE GARDEN 



If turned columns are used their height should be eight or nine 

 times the diameter and the lintels should be of two three-inch 

 by ten-inch pieces, notched over the cap. The rafters (Fig. 151) 

 should be three inches by eight inches, notched over the lintels. 

 For the better support of vines, additional pieces should be placed 

 on top of the rafters, running at right angles to the same. These 

 pieces may be one and one-eighth inches by two and three-quarter 

 inches; or of shingling lath, planed down, which reduces them to 

 about three-quarters of an inch by two and three-eighths inches. 

 The rafters (Figs. 151-153) should have a projection of from 

 eighteen inches to thirty inches and should be cut to a good bold 

 outline. 



The caps should always be covered with hght sheet lead (Fig. 

 151) neatly tacked around the edge. 



When stone is used for the support of the superstructure the 

 columns or piers should not be less than twenty-two inches, and 

 these should stand on a foundation twenty-eight inches square, 

 which will allow of a three-mch projection all the way around. 



The stones should be laid up in cement mortar and, where 

 pointed, the pointing should conform to the pointing of the house, 

 if the pergola is adjacent thereto. An effective method of laying up 

 the stone work is to rake out the mortar joints to a depth of two to 

 three inches; this will give a deep shadow and form a friendly sup- 

 porting ledge for the vines. 

 Cap stones should be of the 

 "" same stone as that used in the 



piers, fiat and hammer dressed, 

 without projection, and set flush 

 with the stone work below. It 











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Fig. 150. — Detail for construction of 



wooden columns on cement base. 



See page 188 



Fig. 151. — Detail for construction of 



rafters on wooden columns. 



See note above 



