ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF THE GARDEN 193 



a^^ A^~ ^ 4, *"* J 's not necessary that the cap 



P IT m r-irt/ — ' be aU one piece; when con- 



%<rWovr tol4-j- structed of two or more pieces 

 Sonc- (^p the joints should be pointed. 



It is essential to build an- 

 ^K'jck:. chor bolts in the top of the 



columns (Fig. 152) to secure 

 Fig. 153.— Detail for construction of raf- the lintels. These bolts should 



ters on brick piers. Note the stone cap. have a four-inch flat iron plate 



See also page 191 ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ prevent the 



bolt from being pulled out of 

 place when tightening the nut at the top. 



Piers or columns constructed of brick should be of the dark 

 shades; Harvard, Sayre and Fisher, or tapestry brick, are all suit- 

 able kinds. They may be laid up with either a broad mortar joint 

 or reveal joints, raking out the mortar for a depth of two to three 

 inches. Brick piers are improved by having a base and cap 

 (Fig. 1.5.3) either of cut stone or of brick laid on end with a quarter- 

 inch projection at the bottom and edgewise, set flush with the sides 

 of the piers at the top. 



There are times when light brick must be used to conform with 

 the house: but light bricks are anemic looking for pergolas and should 

 be used only when unavoidable. 



Stucco columns (Fig. 154) may be built on tile, as it is substantial 

 and economical. Stucco piers should be built on a foundation of 

 stone or concrete projecting beyond the line of the tile. Twelve- 

 inch tile is about the minimum size to use, as it is difficult to hold a 

 smaller size plumb when building, 



FLOORS 



Pergola floors should be built with a view to permanency. The 

 foundation should consist of eight or twelve inches of clean cinders 

 wet and thoroughly compacted, or of equal depth of crushed stone 

 on which should be laid a concrete slab four inches thick, composed 

 of one part Portland cement to two of sharp sand and five of crushed 

 one and one-half inch stone, thoroughly tamped. On this place a 

 cushion of one-inch bar sand. Such a foundation should be provided 

 for brick, slate, cement or stone paving. If concrete is not used in 

 the foundations the cinders are best with the sand cushion placed 



