58 MEMOIRS OF THE NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 



which distinguishes it in any plumage except from the Redhead which also has a 

 blue-gray speculum. Here, in the case of the female or immature plumage, size 

 alone distinguishes the two species in the field. The amount of white at the base 

 of the bill in this plumage varies greatly from almost none at all to a notice- 

 able patch. 



62 [151] Clangula clangula americana Bonap. 

 American Golden^-eye; Whistler. 

 Abundant winter visitor. September 27 to May 2 (August) . 



The September 27 record is of a bird shot in 1905 at Sagamore Pond by Mr. 

 J. L. Saltonstall. On August 27, 191 1, I saw three Whistlers in immature or 

 female plumage flying over the Ipswich dunes from the Essex estuary to the ocean. 



Dr. J. C. Phillips^ says of this species at Wenham Lake: "A very common 

 bird in the pond late in November, and always tending to become local at that 

 time of the year, moving back and forth to the salt-water with the regularity of 

 clock-work, but never, so far as I am aware, spending the night on fresh water." 



In the original Memoir I gave but a bint of the courtship of this bird. Since 

 then it has become a familiar sight and I have described it in the Auk.^ 



The " love-song " is the only sound I have heard this species utter in Essex 

 County. On the breeding-ground in Labrador I have heard the female utter 

 harsh croaks which appeared to be alarm notes for the guidance of the downy 

 young. The young utter plaintive peeping notes. 



63 [152] Clangula islandica (Gmel.). 

 Barrow's Golden-eye. 

 Accidental winter visitor. 



The late William Brewster informed me that the specimen in the Boston 

 Society of Natural History, labeled " Ipswich, January 27, 1879," reported in the 

 original Memoir, was prepared by the " Ornithological Swindler "^ 'and is there- 

 fore to be ruled out as a record. 



On January 26, 1919, while in company with Mr. Francis H. Allen, I saw a 

 fine adult male of this species ofiE the rocks at Lynn. A male Whistler was not 

 far off and it was thus possible to study the different field-marks of the two 



1 Phillips, J. C. Auk, vol. 28, p. 194, 1911. 



2 Townsend, C. W. Auk, vol. 27, p. 177-179, ipio. 



3 Brewster, William. "An Ornithological Swindler," Auk, vol. i, p. 295-297, 1884. 



