TIJEDUS. 11 



Twrdus (Hylocichla) swaimoni, Coues, B. Col. Vail. i. p. 34 ". 



Turdm minor, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 809 (partim); Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 212(?)". 



Tardus minimus, Lair. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 5 "; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 7 ". 



Supra cmnamomeo-'brunneus unicolor ; subtus albus, gula, genis et pectore fulvescenti lavatis ; cervice antico, 

 pectore et hypocbondriis brunneo crebro maculatis ; rostro comeo, mandibulse basi et pedibus pallide 

 corylinis. Long, tota 7'0, alae 3"9, caudse 2-8, rostri a rictu 0-8, tarsi l-l. (Descr. exempl. ex Paraiso, 

 Panama. Mub. nostr.) 



Hub. N. America, Eastern States, westwards to Humboldt Mountains, north to Slave 

 Lake and Fort Yukon ^. — Mexico (I), Orizaba {Botteri *) [Vj, Tapana, Tehuantepec 

 {Sumichrast''){1); Guatemala, Coban {Sarg fide v. Berlejasch) ; Costa Eica, 

 Barranca, Frailes, and Cervantes {Carmiol ^), Irazu {Rogers) ; Panama, Lion Hill 

 {M.^Leannan'^% Vaxaiso {Hughes). — Colombia ^2. Ecuador^; Peku^; Cuba^ 



Though this Thrush was known to Latham ^ and Pennant ^ and other early writers, 

 no name was applied to it that is admissible until Dr. Cabanis, in 1845, bestowed upon 

 it that of Turdus swainsoni ^, imder which it is now universally known. The history 

 of the early nomenclature of this bird is fully given by Dr. Coues in his ' History of 

 the Hylocichlse,' and in the synonymy of the species i". A full account of T. swainsoni 

 and its close ally T. ustulatus will also be found in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway's work. 



Putting aside T. alicice for the present, and considering the relationship subsisting 

 between the eastern and western forms of this bird, we find points in their winter 

 distribution that are of considerable interest. Hitherto we have been in the habit of 

 ascribing the winter visitant to Guatemala to the eastern bird, T. swainsoni; but 

 the acquisition of a larger series and a reexamination of the question shows that 

 by far the larger portion of them are of the western form, T. ustulatus. Still the 

 true T. swainsoni does occur in Guatemala, as Count v. Berlepsch assures us he has a 

 specimen from Coban that is undoubtedly of that race. Passing further south, we 

 find that in Costa Rica the true T. swainsoni seems to be exclusively found. Beyond 

 Costa Rica we have been unable to trace T. ustulatus at all, every specimen from 

 Panama and South America belonging to the T. swainsoni form. We are left in some 

 uncertainty as regards the Mexican bird. T. ustulatus has undoubtedly been recognized 

 in the Tres Marias Islands ; but a bird from Orizaba, and others from Tehuantepec, 

 have been ascribed to T. swainsoni, a race we should not expect to find in Mexico at all. 



The winter distribution of these two races is almost exactly parallel to that of 

 Geothlypis pUladelphia and Q. macgillivrayi, where the eastern bhd is absent from 

 Mexico and Guatemala, the western bird being the prevalent species. The two mingle 

 in Costa Rica ; and in Panama and further south the eastern form is exclusively found. 



4. Turdus ustulatus. 



Tardus ustulatus, Nntt. Man. i. p. 400 (1840)' ; Baird, Rev. Am. B. p. 18 ^; Grayson, P. Bost. Soc. 

 N. H. xiv. p. 276'; Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 266*. 



2* 



