TUEDrS. 13 



of Arctic Ocean from Labrador to Kodiak s.— Costa Eica, San Jose (v. Frantzius^) ; 

 Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui iArce^).—CvBA^; Easteen Asia in the north of 

 ,- Kamtschatka. 



Concerning the true status of Turdus alicice much controversy has taken place amongst 

 ornithologists of the United States. Prof Baird was the first to distinguish it from 

 T. swainsoni^; and its specific distinctness is upheld in Baird, Brewer, and Eidgway's 

 works. Mr. J. A. Allen has considered it to be undistinguishable as a species from 

 T. swainsoni, whilst Dr. Coues, in his most recent work \ places it as an imperfectly 

 segregated race of T. swainsoni, and ranks it in the same category with T. itstulatus. 

 These naturalists have all had many times over the amount of materials at their disposal 

 for arriving at their conclusions than we have ; so that we do not feel in a position to 

 give a decided opinion on so delicate a point; but the skins before us, so far as they go, 

 conform to the differences pointed out by the original describer, and we have no diffi- 

 culty in assigning our single Central-American specimen to its right position. 



This skin, from the Volcan de Chiriqui, and another from Costa Eica are all that 

 have hitherto been obtained in Central America ; so that that country can hardly be 

 looked upon as the usual winter quarters of the race. What becomes of the birds at 

 this season, which in summer swarm on the shores of the Arctic Ocean to breed, is 'a 

 matter that is not yet known. T. alicice is stated to have once visited Cuba^; and it 

 is said to be found on the mainland of South America ; but on the latter point we have 

 no evidence of our own to bring forward. A full history of T. alicice is given in Baird, 

 Brewer, and Eidgway's work^. 



c. Cauda rufescente, dorso hand concolori. 

 6. Turdus pallasi. 



Tardus pallasi, Cab. Arcli. f. Naturg. xiii. p. 205'; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, I860, p. 273'; Baird, Rev. 



Am. B. p. 14 ' ; Baird, Brew. & Ridgw. N. Am. B. i. p. 18 \ 

 Turdus [Hylocichla) pallasi, Coues, B. Col. Vail. i. p. 20 ^ 



Supra brunnesceiiti-fusctis, uropygio et cauda rufescentibus ; subfcus albus, Unea rictali et maculis pectoralibus 

 distinctis fusco-nigris ; rostro corylino, mandibulse basi flavo, pedibus flavis. Long, tota 6-3, alse 3-5, 

 caudsB 2*65, rostri a rictu -8, tarsi 1-2. (Descr. exempl. ex Coban, Guatemala. Mus. nostr.) 



Hob. N, Ameeica, Eastern States^, — Guatemala, Coban {0. S.^). 



The true Turdus pallasi, the small Eufous-tailed Thrush of the eastern States, can, 

 so far as we know at present, only claim a place in the Central- American fauna from 

 the fact of a specimen of it having been obtained near Coban, Vera Paz, in November 

 1859. This agrees accurately with examples from the vicinity of Washington with 

 which we have compared it. It is decidedly smaller than the resident Mexican and 

 Eocky-Mountain race T. auduhmi, but larger than the western race usually calledT. nanus. 



