TUEDTJS. 21 



highlands in the winter months, but where a considerable number remain to breed. 

 In this respect the habits of the species are much the same as in the United States, a 

 few birds being found nearly everywhere throughout the year. Prof. Sumichrast ^ con- 

 siders T. migratorius to be a resident species in the alpine region of the State of 

 Vera Cruz in Mexico, having found its young in July in numbers in the mountains of 

 Orizaba at an elevation of about 8000 feet. It is one of the most abundant of the 

 Thrushes, he says, in the alpine region, where it especially frequents the clearings and 

 natural openings in the forests of pines, which it animates with its lively manners and the 

 sweetness of its notes. Prof. Sumichrast only knew of a single instance of its occurrence 

 near the city of Orizaba. The breeding of Turdus migratorius in Mexico is also confirmed 

 by a skin of a bird in the first (spotted) plumage in our possession, which originally formed 

 part of Mr. G. H. White's collection made in the vicinity of the city of Mexico itself ^, 

 where also adults were obtained by Mr. le Strange. 



The presence of Turdus migratorius in Guatemala is only known from a single skin 

 having been obtained near Cohan in January 1860 ^. The occurrence of the species 

 beyond Mexico must therefore be considered to be accidental. 



A large flock of T. migratorius appeared in Cuba in 1860 ; so Dr. Gundlach tells us; 

 but since then none have come under his notice ^^- It has not yet been observed in any 

 other of the West-India Islands. 



13. Turdus flavirostris. (Tab. ill. fig. l.) 



Merula flavirostris, Sw. Phil. Mag. new ser. i. p. 369 \ 



Turdus flavirostris, Scl. P.Z. S. 1859, p. 332'; Baird, Rev. Am. B. p. 31 '; Scl, & Salv. P. Z. S. 



1870, p. 550*; Grayson, Pr. Bost, Soc. N. H. xiv. p. 276 '; Lawr. Mem. Bot. Soc. N. H. ii. 



p. 266'; Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 11 '. 

 Turdus rufopalliatus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 259 ". 

 Turdus palliatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 272'. 



Pileo, capitis lateribus, collo postico, aHs extus efc uropygio schistaceis ; dorso medio et alarum tectricibus 

 oleagineo-rufifl ; subtus albus, pectore subalaribus et hypocbondriis Isete castaneis, gutture toto nigro 

 distincte striolato; rostro et pedibus flayis. Long, tota 9-3, alae 5-0, caudae 4-2, rostri a rictu 1-0, tarsi 

 ■ 1-2. (Descr. fem. ex Plains of Colima, Mexico. Smitlis. Inst. no. 30137. Mus. nostr.) 



Hob. Mexico, Temascaltepec {Bullock ^), Mazatlan, Topic, Tres Marias Islands, Bendaras 

 Bay (Grayson^), Colima (Xantus, Grayson^ San Juan del Kio (Bebouch^), Tehuan- 

 tepec (Xantus, Grayson, Sumichrasf^). 



This species was first described by Swainson, in 1827, from a specimen sent from 

 Mexico by Bullock \ and said to have been obtained in the tablelands. This, how- 

 ever, is perhaps incorrect; for subsequent investigation tends to show that Turdus 

 flavirostris is only found in the western parts of Mexico bordering the Pacific Ocean 

 from Mazatlan to Tehuantepec. Here it has been met with by all the collectors 

 who have visited that part of the country — Grayson, Xantus, and Sumichrast, and 



