108 MOTACILLID^, 



in the State of Panama, where it is found in scanty numbers in the more open savannas, 

 nowhere very extensive in this district. 



1. Anthus ludovicianus. 



Alauda ludoviciana, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 793'. 



Anthus ludovicianus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 293 ^ Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 9^ Baird, Rev. 

 Am. B. i. p. 153 ' ; Duges, La Natur. i. p. 140 ' ; Baird, Brew. & Ridgw. N. Am. B. i. p. 171" ; 

 Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 268 ' ; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 14 %■ Coues, B. N.W 

 p. 40' J B. Col. Vail. i. p. 193"; Merrill, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. i. p. 122". 



Supra olivaceo-brunneus, plumis singulis medialiter obscure fuscis ; alls fuseis albido limbatis ; cauda fusca, 

 reotricibus duabus utrinque extimis gradatim albo terminatis, rectricis extimae pogonio extemo utrinque 

 fere omnino albo ; superciliis at corpora subtus sordide brunneo-albidis ; cerviois lateribus, pactore et bypo- 

 chondriis fusco-nigro distiuete maculatis ; rostro nigricante, mandibulse basi albicanfce ; pedibus obscure 

 corylinis. Long, tota 6, alsB 3-2, caudae 2-6, rostri a riotu 0-6, tarsi 0-8. (Descr. exempl. ex DueSas, 

 Guatemala. Mus. nostr.) 



Hob. Whole of NoETH America ^ 9 10, Texas ". — Mexico, Mazatlan (G'mpp?i'^), Guana- 

 juato {Buges^), Cordova (SallS^), valley of Mexico (le Strange), Orizaba (Sumi- 

 chrast% Tehuantepec city {Sumichrast ^) ; Guatemala, Duefias {0.S.& F. D. G?). 



This Pipit is found at one season or another throughout the continent of North 

 America, even as far as Greenland ; and stragglers have been detected in Bermuda and 

 Heligoland *. It is a strictly migratory bird, passing the winter months in the southern 

 part of its range, and breeding in the far north, Labrador ^, and in the highest peaks of 

 the mountains of Colorado ^O- 



In Texas Dr. Merrill describes it as very abundant from October to March i^; and in 

 Mexico '' and in Guatemala it has only been observed at the same time of year. In 

 the latter country it is by no means common ; and we only occasionally met with birds 

 of this species, in small flocks of ten or twelve individuals, from December to February 

 in the open land near Duenas. Guatemala, therefore, is probably the southern limit 

 of the winter range of Anthus ludovicianus. Prof. Baird, however, speaks * with doubt 

 of its extension to Peru ; but we have no evidence to confirm this statement. 



The habits and breeding of this species are fully described in works on North- 

 American ornithology ^ ^. 



2. Anthus rufiis. 



Petite Alouette de Buenos Ayres, D'Aub. PI. Enl. 738, f. l^, unde 



Alauda rufa, Gm . Syst. Nat. i. p. 798 ^. 



Anthus rufus, Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 322'; Baird, Rev. Am. B. i. p. 156*; Scl. Ibis, 1878, 



p. 360=. 

 Anthus {Notiocorys) parvus, Lawr. Pr. Ac. Phil. 1865, p. 106 ^ 

 Anthus parvus, Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 135^ 

 Anthus chii, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 69 (nee Spix) °. 

 Anthus peruvianus, Nicholson, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 390°? 



