SETOPHAGA. 183 



Of the same style of coloration as S. miniata, from which it differs in having a yellow 

 instead of a red abdomen, 8. aurantiaca has its nearest ally in 8. verticalis, a species of 

 wide range in the Andes from Colombia and Venezuela to Bolivia. From this it chiefly 

 differs in having the abdomen orange rather than lemon-yellow ; and the outer rectrices 

 of 8. verticalis have the white of greater extent than m the more northern bird, which 

 also has the dark markings of the head of a blacker hue. At one time we doubted 

 there being two recognizable forms *; but having had a larger series for examination, we 

 are now of opinion that the differences are constant, rendering the separation of the two 

 justifiable. 



8. aurantiaca was described from specimens from Costa Eica i, where it is a common 

 bird in the highlands, extending its range as low as 3000 feet. It is also abundant in 

 the higher mountains of the State of Panama, but is altogether absent from the low- 

 lying lands crossed by the line of railway. Its range, therefore, is not conterminous with 

 that of 8. verticalis of South America, which, from all we hear of it, is also a bird of the 

 higher mountain-ranges. 



8. aurantiaca is doubtless a sedentary species. It certainly breeds in the Volcano of 

 Chiriqui, whence we have a young specimen in first plumage which could only have 

 been barely able to fly when it was shot. 



b'. Corpus subtus omnino aureo-flavum. 

 5. Setophaga torquata. (Tab. X. flg. 2.) 



Setophaga torquata, Baird, Rev. Am. B. i. p. 261 ^ ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 96 ^ j Salv. P. Z. S. 

 1867, p. 136'; Ibis, 1878, p. 319*; v. Frantzius, J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 294'. 



Supra soliistacea ; pileo undique, alls et cauda nigrioantibus ; crista verticali castanea ; fronte, capitis lateribus 

 et corpore subtus flavis, torque pectorali dorso concolori ; rectrice utrinque externa pro majore parte alba, 

 proxiina dimidio apicali albo, tertia albo terminata ; rostro et pedibus nigris. Long, tota 5-4, alae 2-6, 

 caudsB 2-5, rostri a rictu 0-6, tarsi 0"8. (Descr. exempl. ex Irazu, Costa Eica. Mus. nostr.) 



Hah. Costa Eica, San Jose ^ ^, La Palma^ ^ {v. Frantzius); Panama, Volcau de Chiriqui \ 

 Cordillera de Tole ^ ^, Calovevora ^ (Arce). 



This well-marked species is confined in its range to the mountain-districts of Costa 

 Eica and the adjoining State of Panama. In the former country it appears to be not 

 uncommon ; for though it did not fall to the lot of Dr. Hoffmann and his fellow-labourers 

 to discover the species, it has since been found by nearly every collector who has worked 

 in the country. It is probably equally abundant in the forests of the higher parts of 

 Panama, whence we have received a fair supply of specimens. 



In the distribution of the colours of the head 8. torquata differs from all its congeners ; 

 but the most striking distinction is the dark pectoral band from which it takes its name ; 

 this is not present in any other member of the genus. 



Our figure is taken from a Costa-Eican specimen shot near LaPalmabyDr. von Frantzius. 



