EUPHONIA. 265 



Ewphonia fulmcrissa may be known from all its Central-American congeners except 

 E. gouldi by its tawny-rufous belly and crissum. From E. gouldi again it may easily 

 be recognized by its steel-blue back, that part of the allied species being brassy 

 olive. The females are not so easily determined, but that of E.fulvicrissa has more 

 chestnut on the lower abdomen, the forehead is rather paler chestnut, and there is 

 a slight bluish shade on the upper parts. 



c. Pileus rufus. 

 11. Euphonia anuse. 



Euphonia annea, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Pliil. 1865, p. 172'; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 137'; 1870, p. 186'; 



Ibis, 1873, p. 329 * ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 98 ' ; v. Frantz. J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 297 ". 

 Euphonia rvfivertex, Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 71, t. 7\ 



Atro-purpurasceiLS nitens ; pileo toto et fronte rufo-castaneis ; loris, capitis lateribus et gula purpurascente 

 nigris ; subtus lutea, subalaribus et crisso albis ; cauda nigra, rectricibus duabus utrinque extemis macula 

 in pogonio intemo alba; rostro et pedibus fusco-nigrifl. Long, tota 4'5, alee 2*5, caudse 1'5, rostri a rictu 

 0-5, tarsi 0-68. (Descr. maris ex Angostura, Costa liica. Mus. nostr.) 



5 supra oHvacea, nucba plumbea, pileo antico et fronte rufeseente tinetis ; subtus sordide cinerea, hypo- 

 chondriis olivaceis. (Descr. feminse ex Calovevora, Panama. Mus. nostr.) 



Hah. Costa Kica, Angostura ^ and Santa Eosa ^ ^ (Carmiol), Turrialba (Arce ^) ; Panama, 

 Yeraguas [Merritt ^), Santa Fe ^ '^, Santiago de Veraguas '', Calobre, Calovevora ^, 

 and Cordillera del Chucu ^ [Arc^). 



Though the late Mr. Cassin, of Philadelphia, first described this Evj^honia from Costa- 

 Eican specimens belonging to the Smithsonian Institution ^, the first examples obtained 

 were those of Dr. Merritt, who visited Veraguas in 1852 ^. Shortly after Cassin's 

 description was published ; but, in ignorance of this fact ^, Salvin also named the bird 

 from specimens in our collection which had been sent us by Arce from the State of 

 Panama ^. We have since obtained adult examples from both countries, and, as might 

 be expected, there can be no doubt of the identity of the two birds. 



The only species of Euphonia at all nearly allied to E. annoe is the South- American 

 E. mficeps, a bird originally described by d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye from Bolivian 

 examples, but since traced through the upper basin of the Amazons to Venezuela. 



From this species E. annoe difi'ers in having a white crissum instead of a tawny one; 

 the head also is of a paler rufous, which extends over the whole crown instead of only 

 the anterior portion. 



E. annce appears to be not uncommon in the neighbourhood of the higher moun- 

 tainous parts of Costa Eica and the State of Panama, but it is absent from the low- 

 lying country through which the Panama railway runs. 



Both male and female are figured in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society ' for 

 1866, under the name of Euphonia rufivertex ''. 



BIOL. CENTK.-AMBE., Avcs, Vol. I., November 1883. 34 



