PYEANaA.— CHL0K0THBATJPI8. 297 



11. Pyranga ludoviciana. 



Tanagra ludoviciana, Wils. Am. Om. iii. p. 27, t. 30. f. 1 \ 



Pyraw^a/M«?OOTa«nfl!, Bp, P.Z. S. 1837, p. 116'j Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 125'; 1857,p.213*j 1859, 



p. 377 ' ; 1862, p. 19 ° ; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 15 ' ; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. 



i. p. 550'; Baird, Brew. & Ridgw. N. Am. B. i. p. 437 " ; Lawr. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 



no. 4, p. 19 " ; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 192". 



Flava ; interscapulio, alis et cauda nigris, alia flavo bivifctatis, eapite et gutture undique cocciaeo iadutis ; rostro 

 pallide corneo, tomiis albidis, pedibus obscure plumbeis. Long, tota 7"0, alse 3'9, caudse 2-9, rostri a rictu 

 0*7, tarsi 0-75. (Descr. maris ex California, Smiths. Inst. no. 21370. Mus. nostr.) 



$ fusco-olivacea, eapite smnnio et uropygio flavidioribus, subtus flava, hypochondriis fuscescentibus ; alarum 

 vittis flavo-albidis. (Descr. feminse ex Duenas, Guatemala. Mus. nosfcr.) 



Edb. North America, Missouri plains to Pacific Ocean. — Mexico, San Bias {Kellett ^), 

 State of Vera Cruz {Sumichrast ^), Orizaba {JBotteri ^ ^), Oaxaca {Boucard ^), La 

 Parada (Boucard ^), Ishuatlan and Santa Efigenia (Sumichrast '•O) ; Guatemala, 

 (Velasquez de Leon^, Constancia ^ ^^), Alotenango ^, Duenas (0. S. & F. B. G.), 

 Coban (Sarg). 



This species of western North America appears in our region only as a winter 

 visitor, arriving in September and leaving again for the north in April. During the 

 summer months it spreads from the northern frontier of Mexico to Fort Liard, pro- 

 bably breeding throughout this area. 



In Guatemala it can hardly be called a common bird, but it may generally be 

 found in the winter months frequenting the table lands at an elevation of about 5000 

 • feet. At this season we never met with fully plumaged birds, and it would appear 

 that the males of this species have a breeding-dress assumed only at the time of pairing. 

 Dr. Cooper, the well-known naturalist of California, speaks of young and old of P. 

 ludoviciana associating in autumn in families, all in the same dull-greyish plumage. 

 But this observation probably only applies to the absence of the red head and throat 

 in the male, which we have never seen in birds shot between October and March. 



Mr. Eidgway found P. ludoviciana breeding in Utah in 1869 ^. The nest was at the 

 extreme end of a horizontal branch of a pine, flat with only a very slight depression. 

 It was composed of a few twigs and dry wiry stems, and lined almost entirely with fine 

 vegetable rootlets. The eggs are light bluish-green, sparingly speckled, chiefly at the 

 larger end, with markings of umber intermingled with a few dots of lilac. 



CHLOEOTHRAUPIS. 



Chlorothraupis, Ridgway, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883. 



The two species we place in this genus have hitherto stood one in Orthogonys, the other 

 in Phoenicothraupis, each being an abnormal element in the genus in which it was located. 

 The two birds, Orthogonys olivaceus and Phoenicothraupis carmioli, are evidently nearly 



BIOL. CEOTR.-AMEE., Aves, Vol. I., December 1883. 38 



