298 TAJSTAGEIDiE. 



allied. The general colour of the plumage is the same and the difference between the 

 sexes slight. In this respect they resemble Orthogonys viridis of Brazil ; but the bill is 

 much stouter and the cutting-edge of the maxilla is convex in the middle, forming 

 almost a dental process ; the terminal notch is very distinct. In Orthogonys the bill is 

 much more slender and the commissure of the maxilla is simply curved without a trace 

 of a median dental process. In coloration both species of Chlorothraupis have a great 

 resemblance to Ortliogonys viridis. 



The bill of Chlorothraupis differs from that of Phoenicothraupis in being rather more 

 compressed, otherwise th'e shape is very similar. But the great difference between the 

 two is in the coloration of the plumage, olive-green being the prevalent colour in 

 Chlorothraupis, whilst different shades of red distinguish the males of Phoenicothraupis, 

 and of brown or ochraceous brown the females. The males, too, are all ornamented 

 with a scarlet crest. 



The range of Chlorothraupis is confined entirely to Western America from Peru to 

 Nicaragua ; C. carmioli being found at each end of this area, whilst C. olivacea occupies 

 the middle region from Panama to Ecuador. 



1. Chlorothraupis olivacea. 



Orthogonys olivaceus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. PMl. 1860, p. 140 ' ; 1864, p. 287, t. 2 '; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 

 1879, p. 502 ^ 



Olivaoeo-viridis, subtus dilutior, oculorum ambitu et loris superioribuB flayis, gutture et subalaribus flavo 

 variegatis ; roatro et pedibus plumbeo-nigrescentibus. Long, tofca 6-5, alse 3-7, caudse 2-7, rostri a rietu 

 0-8, tarsi 0'9. (Descr. maris ex Remedios, Colombia. Mus. nostr.) 



$ mari simUis sed flavo niillo modo ornata, corpora subtus in medio et subalaribus fulveseentibus. (Descr. 

 feminae ex Puente de Chiarvo, Ecuador occ. Mus. H. von Berlepsch.) 



Hab. Panama, valley of the Truando (PFbotZi). — Colombia ^j Ecuador. 



Of this little-known species the first specimen was obtained by the Messrs. Wood, who 

 were attached to the United States Expedition, sent under Lieut. Michler to explore 

 the Isthmus of Darien. Cassin described and figured it in his papers relating to the 

 birds obtained during the survey that was then made, under the name of Orthogonys 

 olivaceus. Mr. C. J. Wood states that the bird inhabits low trees and bushes in the Cordil- 

 lera ; on the Rio Truando it could be constantly heard at some localities, though not so 

 easily seen. Its notes, he adds, are loud and much varied, bearing a general resemblance 

 to those of the Chat of North America {Icteria viridis). It appeared to be very active 

 and lively, constantly flying about the bushes and changing its position. Nothing more 

 was heard of this species until the late Mr. T. K. Salmon obtained specimens from 

 Eemedios and Nechi in the Colombian State of Antioquia ; but the only note he made 

 concerning it was that it feeds on fruit, and that the iris is dark ». Since then we have 

 received a specimen which was contained m a collection made in the neighbourhood of 

 Paste; and quite recently Count von Berlepsch has submitted to us a bird from 



