CTENOPHORES OF THE ATLANTIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA 21 
This genus is closely related to Mnemiopsis, for Mnemiopsis in its 
growth passes through a Bolinopsis stage. Phylogenetically speaking 
Bolinopsis is simply an arrested form of Munemiopsis, or Mnemiopsis an 
advanced condition of Bolinopsts. 
Bolinopsis infundibulum. (Figs. 12 to 15, plate 4.) 
Springbrunner-Rotzfisch, MARTENS, 1675, Spitzbergische oder Gronlandische Reise- 
besch., p. 121, Taf. P. 
Beroé ovata, BastER, 1762, Opscula subsecina, Bd. 1, p. 124, Tat. 14, fig. 5. 
Volvox beroé, LINN&US, 1768, Systema Nature, ed. 12, Part 4, Corals, p. gro. 
Beroé infundibulum, Mtuter, O. F., 1776, Zoologice Danice, Prodromus, p. 232, 
Nr. 2816.—Fasricius, O., 1780, Fauna Groénlandica, p. 360, No. 352. 
Bolina infundibulum, Cuun, 1880, Ctenophoren des Golfes von Neapel, pp. 293, 
294.—R6MER, 1903, Fauna Arctica, Bd. 3, Ctenophoren, p. 78 (full list of 
literature).—VANHOFFEN, 1906, Nordisches Plankton, Ctenophoren, p. 5, 
fig. 11.—BRowngE, 1905, Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 25, p. 784.—Evans 
and Ashworth, 1909, Proc. Roy. Physical Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 17, p. 309, fig. 
Bolina norvegica, Voct UND YuNG, 1888, Lehrbuch der Vergleich. Anatomie, Bd. 
I, p. 170, Fign. 71-85. 
Bolina septentrionalis, MERTENS, 1833, Mém. Acad. des Sci., St. Pétersbourg, Sci. 
Math. Phys. et Nat., sér. 6, tome 2, p. 515, Taf. 7, fign. 1-5. 
Bolina alata, Acassiz, L., 1849, Mem. American Acad., vol. 4, part 2, p. 349, 
plates 6-8; also, 1860, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. 3, pp. 249, 289.—STIMPSON, 
1853, Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 11.—PAcCKARD, 1863, List of Animals 
dredged near Caribou Isd., Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. 8—Acassiz, 
L., 1865, North American Acal., p. 15, figs. 1-18.—Acassiz, A., 1874, Mem. 
American Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 10, No. 3, p. 376, figs. 3-12.—VANHOFFEN, 
1895, Bibliotheca Zoologica, Heft 20, Lfg. 1, p. 1y. 
Alcynoé vermicularis, GouLD, 1841 (non Rang); Nevere of Mass., p. 349. 
The adult (fig. 14, plate 4) ‘s about 110 to 150 mm. long. The 
aboral end is bluntly pointed and subconical, while the oral lobes are 
large and rounded. Thus the general outline of the body is pear-shaped, 
although the creature is compressed laterally. The lobes are about one- 
third as long as the body of the animal. The apical sense-organ is placed 
at the bottom of a deep, narrow cleft. It is very minute and contains 
a mass of small, white concretions. The 4 subtentacular rows of combs 
arise from the summit of the conical, aboral end of the animal and extend 
straight down to the bases of the 4 auricles, which arise from the sides 
of the animal at points about one-third the distance from mouth to apical 
sense-organ. The subtentacular rows contain each about 35 to 4o 
combs, while the auricles are edged with a linear row of ciliary combs. 
The auricles are flat and ribbon-like and about one-quarter as long as the 
ent re animal. The 4 subventral combs of cilia arise from the base of 
the conical, aboral end of the animal and extend straight down to points 
near the free, outer ends of the oral lobes. Each of these rows consists 
of about 50 combs which extend about two-thirds the entire length of 
the animal and reach a level lower than that of the ends of the 4 sub- 
tentacular rows. The oral lobes are wide, rounded, and flexible and are 
commonly folded so as to overlap on both sides of the mouth. Their 
inner sides are provided with delicate longitudinal and transverse mus- 
cles, the contractions of which enable the animal to compress the lobes 
with considerable force, although not with sufficient rapidity to be of 
any appreciable service in swimming, this being accomplished almost 
exclusively through the movements of the combs of cilia. There is a 
