CTENOPHORES OF THE ATLANTIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA 49 
to study the internal structure of the animals. They also placed too much 
teliance on external shape, which is not only very variable but is also 
greatly modified by temporary contractions of the muscles. The color in 
Beroé also changes with age, the very young animals being spotted, after- 
wards almost transparent, and finally, when mature, more or less diffusely 
pigmented. Also specimens from cold waters are apt to be pink, while 
those from the tropics are apt to be dull, translucent, and milky in hue. 
B. ovata and B. jorskali are known from the Mediterranean, and they 
tange widely over the tropical Atlantic and Pacific. B.cucumis is found 
in the Arctic and Antarctic regions and according to Moser also in the 
Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, being cosmopolitan in its wide range. 
Pandora of Eschscholtz and Moser is, I believe, only a common 
aberration or growth-stage of Beroé in which the 4 subventral rows of 
combs are longer than the others. Every large swarm of Beroé ovata 
along our coast contains some half-grown individuals in this stage, but 
I have never observed this condition in fully-grown animals. The gen- 
eric name Pandora is preoccupied and can not be applied to ctenophores. 
Kinoshita, 1910, Centralblatt Physiol., Bd. 24, p. 726, finds that in 
Beroé and Leucothea the combs are brought to a stand-still by mechanical 
stimulation of the oral pole, or of the oral-ward part of a section of the 
animal; and conversely a stimulation of the aboral pole of a quiet animal 
sets its cilia into movement, a result which would not follow if we stimu- 
lated the oral pole. Stimulation increases the rapidity of the waves 
that course down the rows of combs. 
Beroé ovata Chamisso and Eysenhardt. (Figs. 66, 68 to 75; plates 14 to 16.) 
Beroé, BRowNE, 1756, The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica, p. 384, Table 
43, fig. 2; also, Second edition, 1789. 
?) Beroé albens, ForsKAu, 1775, Descrip. animal, p. 111. 
edusa infundibulum, TuRTON, 1806, Linné’s Sys. Nature, vol. 4, Worms, p. 121. 
Beroé ovata, B. capensis, B. punctata, CHAMIsso et EYSENHARDT, 1821, Nova Acta 
Acad. Leop. Car., tome 10, pp. 360, 361, Tab. 31. 
Beroé ovata, B. punctata, EscHscHoLtz, 1829, Syst. der Acalephen, pp. 36, 37. 
Idya _ mertensti, MERTENS, 1833, Mém. Acad. Sci., St. Pétersbourg, Sci. Math. 
Phys. et Nat., sér. 6, tome 2, p. 536, Taf. 13, Fign. 1-4. 
Idyiopsis clarkit, Acassiz, L., 1860, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., vol. 3, pp. 288, 296; figs. 
1o1, 102.—Acassiz, A., 1865, North American Acalephe, p. 39, figs. 63, 64. 
Idyiopsis affinis, Acassiz, L., 1860, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. 3, pp. 288, 296. 
Beroé punctata, McCavy, 1859, Proc. Elliott, Soc. Nat. Hist., Charleston, vol. 1, p.254. 
Beroé ovata, Cun, 1880, Ctenophoren des Golfes von Neapel, p. 308, Taf. 14, Fign. 
I, 2; 1898, Plankton-Expedition, Ctenophoren, p. 26. 
Beroé clarkit, MAYER, 1900, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 37, p. 82. 
Beroé ovata, ALLMAN, 1862, Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 4, p. 519; also, 
1882, Jour. Linnean Soc. London, vol. 16, p. 89 (development)—KRuKEN- 
BERG, 1880, Vergleichend. physiolog. Studien zu Tunis, etc., pp. 1-22.— 
GRaEFFE, 1884, Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Wien, Bd. 5, p. 362 (occurrence at Trieste).— 
VERWORN, 1891. Pfltiger’s Archiv. ftir ges. Physiol., Bd. 50, p. 423, Fign. 
1-5 (functions of the apical sense-organ).—NacGEL, 1893, Pfltiger’s Archiv 
fir Physiol., Bd. 54, p. 165, Fign. 1-5 (physiology) —Drizscu and Morecan, 
1895, Archiv fir Entwickelungsmech., Roux, Bd. 2, p. 204.— ZEIGLER, 1898, 
Archiv fir Entwick.-Mech., Bd. 7, p. 34, Fign. 1-12.—RHUMBLER, 1899; 
Ibid., Bd. 8, p. 187, 28 Fign. (segmentation). — R6mMErR, 1903, Fauna Arctica, 
Ctenophoren, p. 84 (list of literature) —MoseEr, 1903, Ctenophoren der Siboga- 
Expedition, p. 20 (list of literature). —Samassa, 1892, Archiv ftir mikroskop. 
Anat., Bd. 40, p. 207, Taf. 8, 9 (histology).—Lojacono, 1908, Journ. Phys. 
Path. Gen., Paris, tome 10, p. 1001 (the poison of Beroé).—MoseER, 1908, 
Abhandl. Akad, Mtinchen, Suppl. Bd. 1, Abhandl. 4, p. 22. 
Beroé shakespeari, BENHAM, 1907, Trans. New Zeal. Institute, vol. 39, p. 139, pl. 7. 
