2S8 



PL A TnELMINTHES. 



Many other TcenicB, which are common to other mammals, occur occa- 

 sionally in the human intestine. In mice and rats occur T. (Hyynenolejjis) 

 murina and T. diminuta (= lejytocephala). The first (identical with T. 

 nana) has recently been very abundant in human intestines in Italy. The 

 worm, an inch or two long, may occur in thousands and cause severe in- 

 jury. This species may develop without an intermediate host ; the eggs 

 taken into the stomach pass the cysticercoid stage in its walls and thence 

 to the intestine to become adult. T. diminuta {= fiavopunctata), which 

 has insects for its intermediate host, has been described from man. Other 

 species occur in the tropics. 



B. Forms passing the cysticercus stage in man. Besides the cysticercus 

 cellulo.sae of T. solium that of T. acanthotrias 

 (possibly identical with T. solium) has been 

 found in man. More frequent and of more im- 

 portance to the physician is the cysticercus of 

 Tania echinocoixus (fig. 253), which lives as an 

 adult in the dog, and is easily overlooked on ac- 

 count of its size. It is at most 5 mm. (\ inch) long 

 and consists of a soolex and three or four pro- 

 glottids. The scolex bears four suckers and hooks 

 on the rostellum. When the eggs are taken into 

 the human stomach, as may easily happen by 

 stroking and kissing infected dogs, the embryos 

 are set free and wander into liver, lungs, brain, 

 or other organs and jtroduce here tumors which, 

 ''™j''-,]^'"l^uS;°S^) "1 the case of the liver, may weigh ten or even 

 Right sexually mature; thirty pounds. This extraordinarv size is ex- 

 left a part of an echmo- ' - ,,,, 

 coccu.s with two brood plained by the formation of daughter bladders 

 capsules and their sco- (eohinoooccus) described ;ibove. Echinococoi are 

 more common in cattle, sheep, and swino than in man. 



Common Trrnim of domestic animals are in the horse Anoploeephala 

 pHcata (4 to 30 inches), A. perfoliata (^ to 3 inches), A. mainillana (i to 



