ir. mSECTA : IIBXAPOBA, COLEOPTEIiA. 



4Sc 



parts, predaceous. Chrysopa * feeds on plant lice ; Mtjrmeleo* ant lions ; 

 larvaB dig funnel-like pits in sand and capture the ants, etc., wliioli fall 

 into them. Panorpid.e (Meooptera) ; mouth prolonged into a rostrum; 

 Panorpa, *Bitta/Ms* 



Sub Order II. TRICHOPTERA (caddis flies). Wings usually large ; 

 mouth parts rudimentary, forming a short sucli;ing tube whicli, with the 

 wings covered with hair-lil<e scales, recalls tlie Lepidoptera ; larvte aquatic 

 with tracheal gills ; build cases of foreign matter, stones, sticks, etc., in 

 which, like a hermit crab, they live ; pupation occurs in these tubes. 

 Plirijganea* (fig. 513), Hydropaijche* 



Order V. Strepsiptera. 



These forms, comprised in a single family, Stylopid.e, are parasitic on 

 the Hymenoptera. The six-legged larvee (fig. 513, 3) press in between the 

 ventral abdominal plates of bees or wasps and pupate there. The quickly 



Fig. .'51.3.— AV)io.5 rnssi. (After Bnas.) I, female ; ?., male : .7, larva ; /-///, thoracic 

 soinites ; «^, rudimentary fore wing ; a'^, hind wing. 



flying male (f!) escapes from the pupal skin ; it recalls somewhat a beetle ; 

 has small fore wings and large hinder ones. The wingless, legless female 

 il) remains in the pupal skin and is fertilized there ; she is viviparous. 

 Insects infested with these parasites are ' stylopized.' The affinities of 

 the order are douVjtfuI, The forms are frequently included with the 

 beetles. Stylopn* Xenon.* 



Order VI. Coleoptera. 



The beetles are the highest of the Ile-xapoda with biting mouth 

 parts. Tliey are closest to the Orthoptera, as is sliown ]>y the 

 structure of moutli parts and wings. The mandibles are strong; 

 the maxillffi (fig. 514) have lacinia and galea; the labium consists 

 of a submentum (often called mentuni), behind whi<di the rudi- 

 mentary mentum with its palpi, paraglossa^, and glossaj (the latter 

 frequently fused to a lignla) are retracted. (In the genus 

 Xemognatha the ma.xillary galea form a sucking organ.) The 

 group is distinguished from the Orthoptera by the holometabolous 

 development with pups liberas, while the larva? (fig. 500) show 

 many modific'ations corresponding to the mode of lite. Another 

 character is afforded by the wings. The anterior pair, separated 

 at the base by a scutellum, are hard elytra not fitted for flight, and 



