492 



ABTHIiOPODA. 



Fig. 530.— il/iwfa, house fly (orig.). 



the Hymenoptera, sharply marked oif from head aiid abdomen, its 

 somites being frequently fused. The development is holometab- 

 olous, two kinds of larvai and pupa3 occurring 

 in its course. The larvaj are always apodal, but 

 have either a distinct head with biting mouth 

 parts or they are headless and liave a rudimen- 

 tary sucking apparatus (fig. 531). The pupa? 

 are corresj^ondingly either free with powers of 

 motion, or are jiuj^ffi coarctataj (p. 474). De- 

 velopment thus affords characters of systematic 

 importance, and these are supplemented by dif- 

 ferences in length of legs, autenna\ haustellum, 

 Fig. .531. — Larva of and in body forms. In number of species the 

 laiis. (After Leuck- Diiitera stand next to the toleoptera; m num- 

 ^''*' ber of individuals they far exceed them. 



Sub Order I. NEMOCERA. Elongate with long, many-jointed antennie, 

 long proboscis, long legs. ThelarviB live in damp places or in water, where, 

 lacking legs, they swim by movements of the body. The pupa? can also 

 swim well. Best known are tlio innocuous crane flies (Tipulid.e) and the 

 mosquitos (Culicid/E) wilh tlieir numerous species aftecting man, among 

 thera the forms which carry yellow fever, and Anopheles,* which distribute 

 malaria. The Ceoidomyid^ include the injurious Hessian fly, Cecidomyia 

 destructor,''' and the piodogenotio Miastor (fig. 498). 



Sub Order II. TANYSTOMA. Resemble the Muscarias (with whieli 



