IV. INSECTA: IIEXAPODA, APHANIPTERA. 



49c 



they were formerly united) in the short stout bodies, short antennre and 

 legs. They are distinguished from them and resemble the Nemocera in 

 their long proboscis and in development. The larvse and pupje live in 

 damp places or in water and move rapidly, the larvae having biting mouth 

 parts. Here belong the black flies, SiMULiiDiE, which excel the mosquitos 

 in their viciousness, and the horse flies, TABANiDyE, the females of which 

 attack cattle and men, as well as horses, with their painful bites. 



Sub Order III. MUSCAKIvE (Brachyoera, after removal of Tanystoma). 

 Body short, stout ; antennje three-jointed with a bristle (arista) (fig. 

 533) ; legs short, ending in an adhesive organ (pul villus) ; larviB headless 



Fig. .532. 



Fig. .>3.3. 



Fig. .532.— Left, Erax hdntanli, robber fly ; right, antenna of Muscid sliowing arista 



at a. 

 Fig. ^i3.~Gantrophilus equi,* bot fly. (From Hajek.) 7i, halteres. 



living in decaying substances or parasitic in other animals. The Mus- 

 ciD.E include the house flies (Ifitsca doinestica * and other species), the blow 

 fly (Calliphora vomitoria *), and the flesh fly (Harcophaya carnaria*), which 

 is viviparous. The Asilid.e, or robber flies, prey on other insects, as do 

 some of the Syrphid^ : Eristalis* of this family has an aquatic 'rat- 

 tailed larva,' one end being drawn out into a long breathing tube. 

 ffisTRiD^E, bot flies ; the larvas always parasitic ; those of the sheep bot 

 {(Estrus ovis") in the frontal sinuses of the sheep, causing the disease 

 called ' staggers ' ; those of the ox warble (Hijpoderma Uneata *) just 

 beneath the skin of cattle ; those of the horse {Oastrophilus equi* fig. 

 533) in the stomach of the horse. In the tropics Dermatohia noxialis 

 lives as a larva in the human skin. 



Sab Order IV. PUPIPAKA. Very active, often wingless forms living 

 as parasites on mammals and insects ; larval development inside tlie 

 mother ; pupation occurring soon after birth. 

 3felopjhagus ovlmis* sheep tick ; Braula caca* 

 bee louse. 



Order X. Aphaniptera (Siphonaptera). 

 In spite of the lack of wings the fleas are 

 closely related to the Diptera, since they 

 liave doubtless descended from winged forms, 

 as is shown by the fact that tliey liav 

 liolometabolous development. The larva?, 

 long and footless, live in decaying wood or dust in cracks in the 



a Fig. S3L — Pulex irritans* 

 flea. (From Blanchard.) 



