viii STUDIES IN FOSSIL BOTANY 



PAGE 



2. The Stem ..... 5 2 5 



3. The Root . 53° 



4. The Leaves . . . S3 2 



5. The Flowers . -535 



A. The Male Flower . 536 



B. The Female Flower . 539 



6. The Seeds . . 546 

 7 Affinities . . -55° 



CHAPTER XIII 

 THE MESOZOIC GYMNOSPERMS 



I. Cycadophyta 555 



i. Bennettiteae . . -559 



2. Cycadaceae . . . 594 



3. Affinities of Mesozoic Cycadophyta . . 597 



II. Coniferae 604 



III. Ginkgoaceae 611 



CHAPTER XIV 



GENERAL RESULTS 



Introductory Remarks . . . .614 



Sphenopsida . . 619 



Lycopsida . . . 6^ 2 



Pteropsida . . . .638 



Index . 



665 



