52 STUDIES IN FOSSIL BOTANY 



of which there are usually six, sometimes eight ; 

 generally they are in pairs, the two at each corner 

 being more or less fused. On the inner side of the 

 wood of each bundle we find a more or less regular 

 canal (J>x in Fig. 1 9). If we examine a radial section 

 we see the spiral protoxylem-elements in the canals : 

 we have thus essentially the same structure as in 



Fig. 19. — Calamostachys Binneyana. Transverse section of axis of cone, showing stele 

 and part of cortex. Surrounding the pith there are six bundles, in groups of two, 

 with secondary wood, fix, protoxylem groups. X about 60. Phil. Trans. W. and 

 S. Will. Coll. ior6. 



Catamites, for the vascular bundles are collateral here 

 also, as shown by specially favourable preparations, in 

 which the phloem can be recognised outside the wood ; 

 in Calamostachys Binneyana, however, there is a solid 

 pith, and the bundles are comparatively few. A very 

 important point is, that in most of these fructifications 

 we find distinct indications of secondary wood in the 

 axis (Fig. 19). 



The bundles in Calamostachys do not alternate at 



