SIGILLARIA 207 



surface of the stem after the leaves themselves had 

 fallen. The wonderful perfection with which these 

 markings are often preserved, even on large trunks, is 

 certainly a surprising fact, and seems to show, either 



Fig. 86. — Sigillaria tessellata. Surface ofistem. ej>, external surface, showing leaf, 

 scars, with the prints of the vascular bundle and parichnos ; c 1 , sub-epidermal surface ; 

 c 2 , deeper cortical surface, showing " Syringodendron " characters. Nat. size. After 

 Schimper. 



that the growth of the trees was extremely rapid, or 

 that the Carboniferous forests were singularly free 

 from epiphytic or parasitic vegetation. 



The leaf-scars of Sigillaria are, as a rule, arranged 

 in conspicuous vertical series, the scars of adjacent series 

 alternating with one another (see Figs. 86-89). The 



