224 FARM FRIENDS AND FARM FOES 



by summer spores and passes the winter in the form of 

 winter spores. It attacks leaves, young stems, and green 

 fruits, causing a mildew-like growth on the former and a 

 brown rot of the latter. It is prevented by spraying with 

 Bordeaux mixture. 



The Brown Rot of the Lemon has recently become a 

 destructive disease in California. The fungus attacks the 

 rind of the lemon, causing a brownish discoloration and a 

 characteristic odor. It is likely to spread through the fruit 

 of boxes in storage or in transit, so that it often causes 

 serious and unexpected losses. The spores are produced 

 on the ground and not on the lemons, but they often reach 

 the latter through the water in which the fruit is washed. 

 Consequently, one desirable measure of control is the disin- 

 fection of this water by the addition of a small amount of 

 formalin or some other germicide. Full details of treat- 

 ment may be found in the bulletins of the California Experi- 

 ment Station. 



OBSERVATIONS FOR PUPILS 



Mushrooms 



1. Bring in afresh mushroom or toadstool. Compare it with the 

 picture on page 215. Do you see all the parts there represented? 



2. Place a fresh mushroom upon a sheet of paper and leave over 

 night. See if there are spores on the paper in the morning. If so, ex- 

 amine under a microscope. 



3. Dig up the soil at the base of the stem of a mushroom to see if 

 you can find the mycelium from which it developed. 



4. Look in lawns and pastures to see the "fairy rings " of mushrooms 

 that so often occur. See if you can find out the explanation of the pro- 

 duction of such rings. 



5. Draw a mushroom and label the parts. 



