44 . MAMMALIA 



Mr. E. Cavell, of Saxmundliam, has a Mastodon tooth said to 

 be from the Coralline Crag of Sutton (no doubt meaning the 

 Nodule bed beneath the Coralline Crag) which I believe belongs 

 to this species, for it agrees \vith the above characters and closely 

 resembles part of the tootli figured by Kaup (O^sem, Foss. 

 Darmstadt, Plate xx., fig. 5). ft appears to be imperfect, but 

 consists of three transverse ridges and a talon; the longitudinal 

 groove separates each ridge into two large rounded mammlUfB ; 

 and there are only slight intermediate tubercles in the transverse 

 valleys. The length of the specimen is about 115 mm., width 

 60 mm., height of crown .52 mm. 



Mastodon longirostris has been found in Britain in the Red 

 Crag of Suffolk and the Coralline Crag of Sutton ; that is in 

 the Nodule-bed which occurs under the Red and Coralline Crags. 

 Prof Lankester's specimen has the matrix of the so-called " Box 

 stones" adhering to it. On the continent the species seems most 

 abundant at Eppelsheim in beds of Upper Miocene or Lower 

 Pliocene age ; it has also been found in Pliocene beds in the Vienna 

 basin and in France. 



Mastodon Borsoni, hats. 



Ceriain Mastodon teeth from the English Crag were first 

 referred to M. Borsoni by Prof. Lankester (Geol. Mag., Vol. VI., 

 1869, and Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, Vol. XXVI., p. 507, 1870), 

 but Mr. R. Lydekker {ibid., Vol. XLIL, p. 364, 1886, and Cat. 

 Fofs. Mainm. Brit. Mus,, Part iv., p. 26, 1886) has decided that the 

 larger specimen figured by Prof. Lankester {loc. cit., Plate xxxvi., 

 fig. 1) is an iniperfect tooth, and being really a part of a tetralo- 

 phodont form should be referred to M. longirostris {see above, 

 p. 43). 



Dr. Falconer (Pal. Mem., Vol. IL, p. 71, 1868) speaking of a 

 specimen of M. Borsoni, says, " These molars are at once dis- 

 tinguished, all of them, from the Mastodon angustidens specimens, 

 by the ridges being transverse, elevated, and trencliant, without 

 intermediate mammillae interrupting the valleys, and by their 

 general similitude to Mast. Ohioticus." 



The two smaller forms figured by Prof. Lankester {loc. cit, 

 fig. 3 and 4) now in the Museum at Ipswich, one of which in the 

 explanation of the plate is named Mastodon tapiroides, Mr. 

 Lydekker retains as representing M. Borsoni in the English Red 

 Crag (Nodule-bed), together with a specimen in the Museum of 

 Practical Geology, and another in the British Museum. 



M. Borsoni has been recorded from Upper Pliocene strata at 

 several localities in the south of France, and from the Val d'Arno 

 in Italy. Also from Lower Pliocene beds in Piedmont and 

 Hungary. 



