ECONOMICAL POND CONSTRUCTION 25 



After the earth has been removed and the 

 bottom levelled, bring in sufficient cinders to 

 make a layer six inches thick, covering with 

 a layer of sifted cinders about one inch thick. 

 Cinders are also banked against the sides to 

 the height of eighteen inches. These cinders 

 must be rammed and rolled till the surface is 

 as smooth as possible. Then put on top of 

 this a layer of granitoid from three to four 

 inches thick. It may be prepared by mixing 

 one part of Portland cement and three parts 

 of finely crushed granite. This must be 

 finished off as smooth as possible. The 

 sides are to be formed with the aid of a wooden 

 mould such as is described subsequently. 

 Afterwards cover the whole with a one-half 

 inch finishing coat composed of equal parts of 

 Portland cement and granitoid siftings. The 

 sides, where not covered by granitoid, are 

 puddled with clay in the way just indicated. 

 The actual process of puddling is described 

 in detail on page 32. 



A pond constructed in this manner is per- 

 haps less costly than any other but a puddled 



