ECONOMICAL POND CONSTRUCTION 35 



outline depends largely on surrounding con- 

 ditions and no hard and fast rules can be 

 laid down. The water level should be two 

 feet above the bottom of the pond. Ordinarily 

 this will necessitate the construction of a 

 small dam which is easily constructed of 

 grass sods. First empty the pond and then 

 excavate to a depth of four feet where the dam 

 is to be. Then put in the sod. Make the 

 dam four feet wide at the base and at least 

 two and one-half feet wide at the top, and 

 thoroughly cover the sides with puddled clay. 



MAKING REPAIRS AND CLEANING 



It is often very desirable to drain a pond, 

 in order to repair its walls, to clean it out, or 

 to replant or take in tender species for the 

 winter. Provision should be made for this. 

 Both outlet and drain may be provided as 

 follows : Lead a large (4- or 6-inch) pipe from 

 the deepest part of the pond to some lower 

 outlet — sewer or stream. In the pond attach 

 an elbow joint so as to let the pipe turn 



