HORSESHOEING. 57 



(a) The position of a limb viewed from in front is normal or 

 straight (Fig. 38) when it stands vertical or perpendicular. A 

 plumb-line dropped from the point of the shoulder (middle of 

 the scapulo-humeral articulation) should pass down the middle 

 line of the limb, dividing it into inner and outer halves of equal 

 width, and meeting the ground at the middle of the toe. 



In the base-wide standing position (Fig. 39) the plumb-line f^lls 

 to the inner side of the Kmb ; the limb extends obliquely down- 

 ward and outward. To this class belong also the knee-narrow 



Fig. 39. 



Fig. 40. 



Fig. 41. 



BaKe-wide position of fore- 

 limbs. 



Toe-"wide position of fore- 

 limbs. 



Toe-narrow position of fore- 

 limbs. 



(knock-kneed) position, in which the front knees are too close 

 together, while the feet stand wide apart, and the toe-wide position 

 (splay-footed. Fig. 40) in which the toes point obliquely forward 

 and outward. In base-wide positions either the entire limb ex- 

 tends downward and outward or the foot alone is turned outward. 

 The base narrow position is frequently observed in horses with 

 very wide breasts. The limbs run downward and inward, a 

 plumb-line dropped from the point of the shoulder falling to the 

 outer side of the leg and foot. A special form of the base -narrow 

 position is the toe-narrow or pigeon-toed position (Fig. 41), In 



