16 



HORSESHOEING. 



brse. The sacral vertebrse are grown together to form one piece 



called the sacrum. 



Fig. 1. 



Skeleton of the Horse. — 1, bones of the head ; 1', lower jaw ; 2, cervical vertelirse ; 3, 

 dorsal vertebrse ; 4, lumbar vertebrse ; 5, sacral vertebra (sacrum) ; 6, coccygeal vertebrse ; 7, 

 ribs ; 8. sternum (breast-bone) ; 9, pelvis ; 9', ilium ; 9", ischium ; 10, scapula (shoulder-blade) ; 

 the dotted line shows the position of the scapular cartilage ; 11, humerus ; 12, radius ; 13, ulna ; 

 14, carpus (knee) ; 15, large metacarpal bone (cannon) ; 16, rudimentary metacarpal bones 

 (splint-bones) ; 17, os suffraginis (long pastern) ; 18, os coronas (short pastern) ; 19, os pedis 

 (hoof-bone) ; 20, sesamoid bones ; 21, femur ; 22, patella (Icnee-pan, stifle) ; 23, tibia ; 24, fibula ; 

 25, tarsus, or hock ; 26, large metatarsal bone (cannon) ; 27, rudimentary metatarsals (splints 

 bones) ; 28, os suflraginis (long pastern) ; 29, os corouEe (short pastern) ; 30, OS pedis (hoof-bone, 

 " coffin bone") ; 31, sesamoid bones. 



The thorax is formed by the ribs and the breast-bone or ster- 

 num. The horse has eighteen ribs on each side (7), and all 

 articulate with the dorsal vertebrae. The first eight pairs unite 

 by their lower ends directly to the sternum or breast-bone, and 



