Fig. 78. 



HORSESHOEING. 89 



one-twelfth of an inch thick. This is laid upon the hoof, and the outline of 

 the wall marked upon it with chalk. 



The instruments devised for this purpose by Niisken, Riquet, and others are 

 less worthy of notice. If necessary, we can use a broom-straw or a small 

 stick, and mark upon them the length and width of the hoof. 



To make a front shoe (Figs. 81 and 82), heat the bar white- 

 hot just beyond its middle, run over it lightly with a hammer, 

 turn it on edge, and work it down a little, make a quarter turn 

 to the right, and hammer the en- 

 tire half diamond-shaped. Next, 

 make a half-turn to the left, flatten 

 the right edge to within three- 

 fourths of an inch of the end of 

 the branch, hammer it smooth, 

 turn the ground-surface upper- 

 most, and give the branch a light 

 bending. Hold the branch upon 

 its outer (high) edge, and with 

 the round head of the hand- 

 hammer bend it into a half-circle 

 (Fig. 79), and if necessary imme- 

 diately concave it with or without 

 the help of the sledge. The con- 

 caving should end about three- 

 fourths of an inch from the end 

 of the branch. Now turn the branch and fuller it ; the fuller 

 should be set in about one-twelfth of an inch from the edge for 

 small shoes, somewhat more for large shoes, and led from the 

 end of the branch towards the toe, twice being necessary to 

 make the fullering of sufficient depth. Next, stamp the holes, 

 punch them through with the pritchel, run over the surfaces, go 

 over the outer edge of the shoe upon the horn, and, finally, 

 hammer the bearing-surface smooth and horizontal. The left 

 branch is made in the same way, except that it is turned to the 

 left and the fullering carried from the toe to the heel. Any ordi- 



Podometer (Ewerloeff's). 



