HORSESHOEING. 



117 



reaming them is mucli better, because by this method a more perfect fit can 

 be secured. For this purpose we require a drill (a spiral drill is the best) 

 whose diameter is exactly the same as that of the small end of the calk-tap 

 (Figs. 104, c, and 106, c). After the shoe has been fitted to the hoof, the pro- 

 visional holes are drilled and afterwards reamed out from the ground- 

 surface of the shoe with the reamer shown in Fig. 106. Since the tap of the 

 reamer corresponds exactly in size to the tap of the calk, it is evident that 

 the latter must exactly fit and be tight. The wire edge that is raised around 

 the hole is removed with a file, and the edge then smoothed by introducing 



Fig. 107. 



Model- (normal) punch. 



Fig. 109. Fig. 108. Fig. 110. 



Sharp calk. Matrix ; a, Blunt calk. 

 6, moulds for 

 shaping the 

 calks. 



the reamer a second time. The calks are made of rolled round steel, which 

 is a little thicker than the tap of the calk. For this purpose we require a 

 calk-mould or matrix, in which one or more holes have been finished with 

 the reamer. The steel rod, at a dark-red heat, is then drawn out between a 

 swage-hammer and a swage-block until it will pass into the matrix to within 

 one-twelfth of an inch of the opposite surface. The rod should then be 

 withdrawn, and at the point marking the length of the desired calk cut deep 

 enough with a cold-chisel and hardy so that it can be easily broken off. The 

 calk is then thrust into the matrix, broken off, and backset a little. If a 

 sharp calk is desired, the upper part of the head of the calk is sharpened in 



