HORSESHOEING. 



121 



soon obliged to travel upon bare pavements. Attempts have been 

 made to lessen this annoyance by the use of calks that do not 

 require sharpening, and yet which will prevent slipping even after 

 they have been used for a long time upon bare pavements. It 

 cannot be denied that such calks have considerable value, and, 

 except when the ground is covered with ice, many of these calks 

 render excellent service. Just as the ordinary sharp calks are 

 satisfactory and very durable outside of the large cities, so now 



Fig. 111. 



Fig. 112. 





Screw-calk with H-formed cross- 

 section (patented by N 



Screw-calk with -f-formed cross-sec- 

 tion (patented by Giick). 



for the first time a few of these recently invented sharp calks 

 seem to be worthy of recommendation for city use. The fol- 

 lowing are the best : 



1. Screw-calks and peg-calks with H-shaped cross-section 

 (patented by Neuss) (Fig. 111). These calks can be obtained of 

 Leonhardt & Co., Berlin N.W., Schiffbauerdamm, No. 3. 



2. Screw-calks with -|— shaped cross-section. Inventor : Giick, 

 of Wesel (Fig. 112). 



3. Screw- and peg-calks with T-shaped cross-section. (Pflug.) 



4. Screw- and peg-calks with S-shaped cross-section. (Fukenwirth). 



5. Angle-calks, of Branscheid & Philippi, of Remscheid (Fig. 



113). 



6. Screw- and peg-calks with rubber foot-pad. C. Goetze & 

 Co., Berhn S., Alte Jacobstrasse, No. 79. 



7. Screw-calks with A star-shaped cross-section (Fig. 114). 



