HORSESHOEING. I55 



must extend beyond the wall far enough to touch a perpendicular 

 line dropped from the coronet (Fig. 134). The shoe must, there- 

 fore, be punched deep (coarse) on the outer branch and fine on 



Fig. 133. 



Eight fore-hoof whose form has changed as 

 a result of ossiflcation of the external lateral 

 cartilage. 



Shoe with hroad outer branch, for the hoof 

 shown in the preceding cut. 



the inner. A side-clip must be placed on the outer branch, be- 

 cause in time the outer half of the hoof will again be too high. 

 Bar-shoes are injurious. 



B. Disturbances of Continuity of the Hoof. 

 1. Cracks. 



Interruptions of continuity of the wall extending in the direc- 

 tion of the horn-tubes are known as cracks or seams. They 

 have, according to their location, degree, and extent, not only 

 various names, but also a varying significance. 



Occurrence. — On the inner side of front hoofs, especially of 

 horses that stand base-wide ; on hind hoofs, usually at the toe. 



Classification. — ^According to location we distinguish toe- 

 cracks, side-cracks, quarter-cracks, and bar-cracks. Those 

 cracks which affect only the upper border of the hoof are called 



