Galium. RUBIACE^E. 35 



either solitary or few and sessile in the axils of the leaves, produced all summer ; 

 stipules long-setiferous. — L. Hort. Cliff. App. 493, & Gen. ed. 2, 291 (bad char- 

 acter, genus there attributed to Gronovius) ; Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 29 ; Lam. 111. i. 276, 

 t. 63 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 28, excl. spec. 3. Diodia' § Eudiodia, DC. 



§ 1. Style 2-cleft and stigmas filiform, and anthers nearly linear; both ex- 

 serted : fruit somewhat drupaceous-fleshy before maturity. 



D. Virginiana, L. Diffusely spreading or procumbent from a perennial root, from nearly 

 glabrous to hirsute : leaves from oblong to lanceolate, inch or two long, bright green, with 

 4 or 5 pairs of oblique veins : stipular bristles strong and flat, not very many, commonly 

 sparingly hirsute : corolla about half-inch long, with slender tube : fruit 3 or 4 lines long, 

 from glabrous to hirsute, crowned with 2 (or sometimes 3 or 4) lanceolate conspicuous calyx- 

 teeth : carpels suberose-crustaceous, with a thin epicarp, 3-costate on the back. — Spec. i. 104, 

 & Mant. ii. 330; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 29, with vara. D. Virginia*, Jacq. 1c. Kar. 1. c. ; Lam. 

 1. c; Michx. Fl. i. 81 ; Pursh, Fl. i. 105; DC. Prodr. iv. 562. D. tetragona, Walt. Car. 87. 

 D. hirsuta, Pursh, Fl. i. 106. Spermacoce Virginiana, A. Rich. Mem. Rub. t. 4, no. 3, fruit 

 only. — Low grounds, along streams, S. New Jersey to Florida, Texas, and Arkansas. 



§ 2. Style entire : stigma capitate-2-lobed, and with the short anthers shorter 

 than the purplish corolla-lobes : fruit wholly dry and thin-crustaceous. 



D. teres, Walt. Diffusely spreading or ascending from an annual but sometimes lignescent 

 root, rigid, from puberulent to hirsute : branches terete, rather quadrangular above : leaves 

 from linear to lanceolate, commonly inch long, rather rigid, scabrous : bristles of the trun- 

 cate stipules numerous, long and slender, usually equalling the flowers and surpassing the 

 fruit : corolla only 3 lines long : fruit obovate-turbinate, commonly hispidulous, ouly 2 lines 

 liigh, crowned with the mostly 4 shorter and equal or unequal deltoid-lanceolate or at length 

 ovate calyx-lobes, often 3 on one carpel and one on the other. — Car. 87 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 562 ; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Diodia, Gronov. in Clayt. Fl. Virg. ed. 1, 71, ed. 2, 17, at least in part, 

 fide herb. Spermacoce diodina, Michx. Fl. i. 82; Pursh, Fl. i. 105. — Sandy soil, New Jersey 

 and Penn., toward the coast, to Florida, Texas, and in Mississippi Valley to W. Illinois. 

 (Adj. Mex., W. Ind., for it probably includes D. prostrata, Swartz.) 



Var. angustata. Slender : stem often simple, all the upper part quadrangular .- 

 leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate or linear: fruit hispidulous to puberulent, varying to quite 

 smooth, and to smooth and glabrous herbage. — D. teres, var.? Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 69. — 

 S. Arizona, Thurber, Wright, Lemmon, the latter specimens a remarkably smooth form. 



26. GALIUM, L. Bedstraw, Cleavers. ( Gallium, as written by the 

 old herbalists, and even by Tournefort ; supposed to come from yd\a, milk, which 

 some species were used to curdle, in place of rennet.) — Very large genus, in- 

 digenous to all temperate regions : leaves sessile : flowers small, in summer. — 

 Gen. ed. 5, 46. Galium & Aparine, L. Gen. ed. 1-3. Gallium, Aparine, & 

 Cruciata, Tourn. Galium & Relhunium, Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 149. 



Rubia (R. tinctoria, L., of the Old World, is the cultivated Madder) has 5-merous flowers 

 and baccate fruit, the latter a character of several species of Galium. 



Aspekula odorata, L., the Woodruff of Europe, sweet-scented in drying, has been occa- 

 sionally found around German settlements. 



§ 1. Species locally naturalized in the Atlantic States : fruit dry at maturity. 



G. verum, L. Perennial: stems smooth, erect: leaves 8 or sometimes 6 in the whorls, linear, 

 roughish, soon deflexed : flowers very numerous, paniculate, yellow, rarely cream-color : 

 fruit usually smooth. — Dry fields, E. Massachusetts. (Nat. from Eu.) 



G. MoluJgo, L. Perennial, smooth throughout : stems erect or diffuse, 2 or 3 feet long : leaves 

 8 or on branchlets 6 in the whorls, oblanceolate to nearly linear : flowers very numerous in 

 ample almost leafless panicles : fruit smooth. — Roadsides and fields, New York and Penn. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



