Galium. KUBIACE^E. 39 



filiform peduncles or branchlets, and on filiform but rather short pedicels : corollas bright 

 white. — Fl. ii. 23 ; Gray, Man. 1. c. Perhaps G. parviflorum, Raf. iu Med. Rep. v. 360, & 

 Desv. Jour. Bot. i. 227 ? — Dry hills, Pennsylvania and Virginia to Michigan, Illinois, Ken- 

 tucky, and Arkansas, first coll. by Short. 



-* — -i — -i — Leaves in sixes, sometimes fives or on the branchlets fours, cuspidately mucronate or 

 acuminate. 



++ Fruit smooth and glabrous: plant rough and adhesive by retrorse prickles: flowers bright 

 white. 



G. asprellum, Michx. Glabrous, paniculately branched, erect and 2 feet high, or when sup- 

 ported by bushes 3 to 5 feet high, very floriferous : leaves lanceolate, about half-inch long, in 

 sixes or on the branchlets fives or fours ; their margins, midrib beneath, and prominent aDgles 

 of the stem armed with strong retrorse prickles rather than bristles : cymes many-flowered : 

 fruits small, like those of G. trifidum. — Fl. i. 78 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 598 ; Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 23. G. Pennsyhanicum, Muhl. Cat. ; Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. Maut. iii. 183. 

 G. spinulosum, Raf. Prec. Decouv. 1814, 40. G. micranthum, Pursh, Fl. i. 103 % by the char., 

 except as to fruit. — ADuvial ground, especially low and shaded banks of streams, Canada, 

 New England to Michigan and mountains of Carolina. (E. Asia ?) 



-H- ++ Fruit from scabrous or papillose to uncinately hispid : angles of the stem and midrib beneath 

 minutely retrorse-hispidulous or scabrous or nearly naked in the same species: margins of leaves 

 either antrorsely or retrorsely hispidulous-ciliolate, or naked in the same species, or even on 

 different- parts of same leaf. 



G. asperrimum, Gray. Stems erect or diffusely ascending, but weak, a foot or two high, 

 probably from a perennial root : leaves lanceolate (about half-inch to inch long) : cymes 

 twice or thrice dichotomous, with filiform peduncles and pedicels : corolla white or turning 

 purplish : ovary merely puberuleut or scabrous : fruit granulate-scabrous, and sometimes 

 minutely hispidulous. — PI. Fendl. 60, & Bot. Calif, i. 284; Watson, Bot. King Exp. 134; 

 Rothrbck in Wheeler Rep. vi. 138. — Shady places in mountains, New Mexico (first coll. by 

 Fendler) and Arizona to Nevada/California, and E. Oregon; mostly var. asperulum, Gray, 

 Bot. Calif. 1. u. ; but the hispid or hispidulous roughness very variable. 



G. triflorum, Michx. Diffusely procumbent, smoothish : herbage sweet-scented (as of 

 Asperula odorata) in drying : stems a foot to a yard long : leaves elliptical-lanceolate to 

 narrowly oblong (inch or two long) : cymes once or twice 3-rayed : pedicels soon divari- 

 cate : corolla yellowish white to greenish, its lobes hardly surpassing the bristles of the 

 ovary: fruit uncinate-hispid. — Fl. i. 80; Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 66; Pursh, Fl. i. 104; Hook. 

 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. G. cuspidatum, Muhl. Cat. ; Ell. Sk. i. 197 ; DC. 1. c. G. bra- 

 chiatum, Pursh, 1. c. 103. G. suaveolens, Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 48. G. Pennsyhanicum, Barton, 

 Comp. Fl. Philad. 83. -r^ Open and dry or moist woods, Canada to Alabama, Colorado, Rocky 

 Mountains, W. California, and north to Alaskan Islands. (N. Eu., Japan.) 



# # * Perennials with suffrutescent or suffruticose base : leaves 4 in the whorls ; their margins, 

 midrib, and angles of stem destitute of retrorse hispidness or roughness: fruit hirsute with long 

 and straight (not at all imcinate-tipped) bristles : Western species of arid districts. — § Tricho- 

 galium, Gray. 

 H— Flowers hermaphrodite or monoecious-polygamous, paniculate and short-pedicelled, small: 

 corolla only a line in diameter, brown-purple : stems numerous in tufts from the woody base, 

 a foot or less high, slender, much branched: leaves narrow, 2 to 4 lines long, one-nerved, 

 pointless. 

 G. Rothrockii, Geay. Glabrous, erect : leaves narrowly linear, rigid : bristles not very 

 copious, not longer than the body of the fruit. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 203. — S. Arizona, 

 Wright (mixed with the following species), Rothrock, Lemmon. (Lower Calif., Orcutt.) 

 G. Wrightii, Geat. Hirsute-pubescent throughout, diffuse : leaves linear to narrowly 

 oblong, hardly at all rigid : bristles of fruit as long as its diameter. — PI. Wright, i. 80, ii. 

 67. — Crevices of rocks in ravines, W. Texas to S. Arizona, Wright, Lemmon. 



-I— Jr- Flowers dioecious : corolla greenish white or yellowish. 

 ++ Leaves narrowly linear, with midrib little prominent and no lateral nerves or veins : stems 

 elongated. 

 G. angustifolium, Ntttt. Becoming shrubby at base, 1 to 4 feet high, with rigid virgate 

 branches, smooth and glabrous or minutely pruinose-puberulent : leaves barely mucronulate 



