42 BUBIACE^E. Galium. 



scabrous margins : flowers solitary or in pairs from the pedunculiform axillary branchlet ; 

 the pedicels in fruit longer than or equalling the involucrate whorl, when in pairs one of 

 the two commonly involucellate or unibracteate ; ovary and berry glabrous. — Fl. i. 79; 

 Ell. Sk. i. 95; Ton-. & Gray, Fl. ii. 21. — Woods in rich soil, S. Carolina to Florida and 

 Texas. 

 G. hispidulum, Michx. 1. c. Hirsute-pubescent, hispidulous, scabrous, or sometimes almost 

 smooth and glabrous, a foot or two high, diffusely branched and spreading : leaves oblong or 

 oval, mucronate, a quarter to half an inch long : branchlets only floriferous : pedicels solitary 

 or commonly 2 or 3 from the small involucral whorl, all naked, or one of them minutely 

 bracteolate : ovary scabrous-puberulent : berry glabrate. — Ell. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 

 G. hispidum, Pursh, Fl. i. 104. Rubia peregrina, Walt., not L. R. Brownei, Michx. 1. c, 

 excl. syn. Browne. R. Walteri, DC. Prodr. iv. 590. — Dry or sandy soil, S. New Jersey to 

 Florida, along the coast. 



Order LXXI. VALERIANACE.E. 



Herbs (rarely suffrutieose) ; with opposite leaves, no stipules, hermaphrodite 

 or sometimes polygamo-dioecious flowers in cymose inflorescence, a 5-merous 

 somewhat irregular epigynous corolla, bearing fewer (1 to 3, rarely 4) stamens 

 on its tube, an ovary invested by the calyx-tube, and of one to three cells, but 

 only one ovuliferous, a solitary suspended seed with a straight embryo and no 

 albumen. Limb of calyx none, or of lobes or teeth, or evolved on the fruit into a 

 kind of pappus. Corolla either obscurely or manifestly irregular (bilabiately, § ) ; 

 lobes imbricated in the bud. Filaments and style filiform : stigma undivided and 

 truncate, or minutely 3-cleft. Ovule anatropous. Fruit dry and indehiscent, a 

 kind of akene. 



1. VALERIANA. Calyx-limb of 5 to 15 setiform lobes, which are inrolled and inconspicu- 

 ous until fruiting, when they are evolute and form a kind of plumose pappus. Corolla from 

 campanulate-funnelform to salverform, the tube or body often gibbous or slightly saccate 

 anteriorly. Stamens 3. Ovary 1-celled, and with mere vestiges of two lateral cells, ripen- 

 ing into a flattened akene, which is mostly 1-nerved on one face, 3-neryed on the other, 

 and with a more or less evident nerve at each margin, which marks the position of a sup- 

 pressed empty cell. — Perennials (with hardly an exception), the roots with a peculiar scent. 



2. VALERIANELL A. Calyx-limb not pappose, in all ours more or less obsolete. Corolla 

 from short-f unnelform to salverform, with or without gibbosity, or sometimes a sac or spur 

 at base ; limb 5-parted, from nearly regular to obscurely or plainly bilabiate, or 4-parted with 

 the posterior .lobe notched or 2-cleft. Stamens 3, very rarely 2. Fruit various, the two 

 abortive cells sometimes obsolete and nerviform at the lateral angles, commonly enlarged, 

 sometimes converted into wings. Annuals, with entire or sparingly dentate or incised leaves ; 

 cauline sessile. 



1 . VALERIANA, Tourn. (Old herbalist's name, from valeo, to be strong, 

 from use in medicine.) — Herbs '(chiefly of northern temperate zone) ; with roots 

 of peculiar scent, various leaves, and white or rose-colored flowers, in terminal 

 cymes, produced in early summer. — L. Gen. 8, in part; DC. Prodr. iv. 632; 

 Hceck in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. iii. 2. 



PhtllActis obovAta, Nutt. Gen. i. 21, is omitted, having been described from a plant of 

 the Upper Missouri, not yet in flower, perhaps an undeveloped V. edulis. 



# Erect from a large fusiform perpendicular stock branching below into deep and thickened roots: 

 leaves thickish, nervosely veined, not serrate. 



V. Edulis, Nutt. Glabrous or glabrate ; the nascent herbage often tomentulose-puberulent, 

 sometimes remaining so on the leaf-margins, a foot or at length 3 feet or more high : radical 

 leaves oblanceolate to spatulate, tapering into a margined petiole, entire or some sparingly 



