Valeriana. VALERIANACEjE. 43 



laciniate-pinnatifid ; cauline rarely none, commonly 1 to 3 pairs, sessile, and pinnately parted 

 into 3 to 7 linear or lanceolate divisions, or terminal one spatulate ; flowers polygamo-dice- 

 cious, yellowish white, sessile in the cymules, which form an elongated thyrsiform naked 

 panicle: fruit ovate, puberulent or glabrous. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 48; Gray, PI. 

 Fendl. 61, & Man. Bot. V. ciliata, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Patrinia ceratophijlla, Hook. PI. i. 

 290. P. longifolia, Macnab in Edinb. Phil. Jour, xix. — "Wet plains and prairies, Ohio and 

 W. Canada to Brit. Columbia, and south in the mountains of Colorado and Nevada to New 

 Mexico and Arizona. Root a staple food of the Root-diggers and other Indians. 



* * Erect from creeping or ascending (but not vertical) rootstocks, which emit slender roots, gla- 

 brous or with a little sparse pubescence: leaves thinnish, loosely veiny, often with some simple 

 and some divided and margins either entire or dentate on same plant; the radical ones on slen- 

 der naked petioles: bracts of the cyme slenderly linear-subulate, mostly longer than the (usually 

 quite glabrous) fruit: flowers hermaphrodite, but in the first species more or less dimorphous': 

 corolla white to light rose-color. 



+- Tube of corolla from shorter than the throat and limb to less than twice their length: no sar- 

 mentose radical branches. 



V. sylvatica, Basks. Stems from 8 to 30 inches high : radical leaves mostly simple and 

 ovate to oblong, occasionally some 3-5-foliolate ; cauline more or less petioled, 3-11-foliolate 

 or parted, the divisions entire or rarely few-toothed : fruiting cymes open, at length thyrsoid- 

 paniculate : corolla 3 lines or in more fertile form only 2 lines long ; the tube short : stigma 

 nearly entire. — Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. 2, 2; Hook. Fl. i. 291 ; Beck, Bot. 164; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 47 (with var. uliginosa, a somewhat pubescent form) ; Gray, Man. & 

 Bot. Calif, i. 287. V. dioica, Pursh, Fl. ii. 727. V. dioica, var. syhmtica, Gray in Proc. 

 Acad. Philad. 1863, 63; Watson, Bot. King Exp. 136. — Wet ground, Newfoundland and 

 Hudson's Bay country, south to S. New York, west to Brit. Columbia, and southward in the 

 mountains to New Mexico and Arizona. In S. Utah it occurs with puberulent fruit, as 

 collected by Palmer. 



V. Sitchensis, Bong. More robust,, from thicker and branching ascending rootstocks : 

 leaves larger; cauline short-petioled, only 3-5-foliolate ; the divisions orbicular to oblong- 

 ovate, or in the upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, not rarely dentate or repand (larger 2 or even 

 3 inches long) : cymes contracted : corolla funnelform, 4 lines long (but also a shorter form) : 

 stigma entire. — Veg. Sitch. 145 ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 438. V. pauciflora, Hook. Fl. i. 292, 

 t. 101, not Michx. V. capitata, var. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 48. — Moist woods, Sitcha, 

 British Columbia, and through "Washington Territory to S. Idaho and the northern Rockv 

 Mountains. 



V. capitata, Pall. Stem rather slender from a creeping rootstock, 6 to 20 inches high, 

 with long internodes ; cauline all sessile (or lowest very short-petioled), only 2 or 3 pairs, all 

 undivided and entire or few-toothed or some of them 3-parted, mainly ovate or oblong, an 

 inch or two long : cyme capituliform or in fruit open-glomerate : corolla, &c. as of the pre- 

 ceding, 3 or 4 lines long : stigma 3-lobed. — " Link Jahrb. i. 3, 66," ex Rcem. & Schult. Syst. 

 Mant. i. 257; DC. Prodr. iv. 637; Hook. 1. c; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. (excl. var.) ; Ledeb." Ic. 

 PI. Ross. t. 346, & Fl. Ross. ii. 435; Trautv. Imag. t. 39. — Alaskan coast and Islands, north 

 to Arctic region, first coll. by Pallas. (Adj. Asia to N. Eu.) 



+— -t— Tube of corolla slender, much longer than the throat and limb. 



V. Arizonioa, Gray. A span or two high from tufted creeping rootstocks, glabrous, no 

 sarmentose branches: leaves somewhat succulent; radical ovate (inch long), mostly entire 

 and simple, some with one or two pairs of minute lobes on upper part of the rather long and 

 margined petiole ; cauline 2 pairs, subsessile, 3-5-parted, lobes oblong to lanceolate : cyme 

 glomerate : corolla half-inch long, tubular, with gradually expanding throat : stigma mi- 

 nutely 3-cleft. — Proc. Am. Aead. xix. 81. — Arizona, in the mountains near Prescott, Palmer. 

 Santa Catalina Mountains, Lemmon. Fruit not seen. 



V. pauciflora, Michx. Stem 1 to 3 feet high from a slender creeping rootstock, erect, and 

 with basal sarmentose branches or runners : leaves thin ; radical and lowest cauline cordate 

 and long-petioled, crenate or entire, not rarely with one and sometimes two pairs of small 

 roundish lateral leaflets; upper cauline pinnate, with 3 larger leaflets ovate, one or two 

 lower pairs smaller and more remote, lowest near base of petiole : cyme corymbiform and 

 somewhat glomerate, commonly many-flowered (notwithstanding specific name) : tube of 



