composite. 57 



than one series, very short and roundish or obtuse style-appendages, small akenes for the 

 greater part 2-nerved, and more scanty or fragile pappus, in many with a conspicuous short 

 outer series. 



Subtribe III. Conyze^e. Characters of the preceding subtribe ; but corolla of the 

 numerous female flowers reduced to a filiform or short and narrow tube, wholly des- 

 titute of ligule. 



50. CONYZA. Heads small, many-flowered. Bracts of the campanulate involucre narrow, 

 inappendiculate, in 1 to 3 series. Female flowers much more numerous than the hermaphro- 

 dite ; their filiform or slender tubular corolla shorter than the disk and style, truncate or 

 2-4-toothed at the apex. Akenes small, compressed. Pappus a single series of soft capillary 

 bristles, sometimes an added outer series of short bristles or squamellae. 



Subtribe IV. Saccharide.*. Heads discoid and unisexual. Corolla of the fertile flow- 

 ers filiform. Pappus of capillary bristles. 



5 1 . B ACCHARIS. Heads completely dioecious, many-flowered. Involucre regularly im- 

 bricated, of squamaceous bracts. Eeceptacle mostly flat and naked, rarely chaffy. Flowers 

 of the male heads with tubular-funnelform 5-cleft corolla, and style-branches as of Aster or 

 Solidago, but the stigmatic portion obsolete and ovary abortive ; the female with corolla 

 reduced to a slender truncate or minutely toothed tube, shorter than the filiform style. 

 Akenes 5-10-costate. Pappus of the male flowers of a series of scabrous and often tortuous 

 and more or less clavellate bristles ; of the fertile flowers of usually more numerous and fine 

 bristles, and often elongated in fruit. Shrubby or some herbaceous. 



Tribe IV. Inuloide^e. Heads heterogamous and either radiate or discoid ; the 

 female flowers being either ligulate or filiform (rarely open-tubular), or sometimes 

 homogamous and tubuliflorous. Anthers sagittate, and the base of the lobes produced 

 into more or less of a tail (caudate) or other appendage. Style-branches of the her- 

 maphrodite flowers filiform or flattish, not appendaged ; the stigmatic lines running to 

 or vanishing near the roundish or truncate tip, which is at most papillose or somewhat 

 penicillate: style of staminate-sterile flowers commonly entire. Pappus usually capil- 

 lary or none. Leaves mostly alternate and heads homochromous ; the involucre com- 

 monly dry or scarious, rarely foliaceous. See also Senecionidem, subtribe TussilaginecB. 

 (No North American species has conspicuous rays, except a naturalized Inula.) 



Subtribe I. Plucheine.e. Heads discoid, heterogamous and mostly androgynous. In- 

 volucre more or less dry, but hardly scarious. Receptacle not paleaceous. Female 

 flowers with filiform corolla. Adjacent anther-tails or acuminate bases connate, at 

 least in our genera. 



52. PLUCHEA. Heads many-flowered, largely of female flowers, a few hermaphrodite but 

 usually sterile ones in the centre. Involucre imbricated, of coriaceous to submembranaceous 

 bracts ; the outer broad, all but the innermost persistent. Receptacle flat, naked and glabrous. 

 Corolla of the female flowers reduced to a slender truncate or 2-3-toothed tube, shorter than 

 the style ; of the hermaphrodite-sterile ones regularly 5-cleft, the style either entire or 2-cleft 

 at apex. Akenes small, 4-5-angled or sulcate. Pappus a series of capillary and soft or 

 rigid bristles. Heads cymosely clustered or scattered. 



53. PTEROCAULON. Heads and flowers as in Pluchea, but involucre of fewer and 

 linear -or subulate bracts : these deciduous with the matured flowers, leaving a few short 

 basal ones which are more persistent, mainly by their implexed wool. Eeceptacle small, 

 naked, sometimes pilose. Heads glomerate and the glomerules spicate. Perennial herbs. 



Subtribe II. Filagine.*. Heads heterogamous, mostly androgynous, discoid. In- 

 volucre of few scarious or firmer bracts. Receptacle chaffy ; a chaff (palea) or 

 involucral bract enclosing or subtending each female flower or akene. Corolla of the 

 female flowers a filiform tube, shorter than the style ; of the few hermaphrodite com- 

 monly sterile flowers regularly 4-5-toothed ; their anthers sometimes only acutely 

 sagittate or auriculate at base, and the short style-branches or undivided style not 



