COMPOSITE. 59 



or narrower and terete or flattish akenes, and a copious fine-capillary pappus, the soft 

 and naked bristles of which are commonly united at base, so as to fall in a ring. Low 

 perennials. 



60. ANAPHALIS. Heads dioecious, but usually with a few hermaphrodite-sterile flowers in 

 the centre of the female heads. Pappus of male flowers of bristles little if at all thicker at 

 the apex ; of the female flowers not united at base but falling separately. Otherwise as in 

 the preceding ; the female plant differing from the following only in the sterility of the few 

 central flowers. 



61. GNAPHALIUM. Heads heterogamous, fertile throughout, of few or many series of 

 female surrounding a smaller number of hermaphrodite flowers. Involucre pluriserially 

 imbricated ; the scarious and commonly partly woolly bracts with or without colored papery 

 tips or appendages. Style of hermaphrodite flowers 2-cleft. Pappus of numerous merely- 

 scabrous capillary bristles, in a single series. 



Subtribe IV. EuinulEjE. Heads heterogamous, with the female ligulate and radiate, 

 and the disk-flowers all hermaphrodite and fertile (or the former sometimes wanting). 

 Receptacle naked. Style-branches of the latter linear, rounded at the apex. Akenes 

 mostly coriaceous. Old-world genera, one naturalized. 



62. INULA. Heads many-flowered ; the rays numerous. Involucre imbricated, hemispher- 

 ical or campanulate ; outer bracts herbaceous. Receptacle flat or nearly so. Akenes more 

 or less 4-5-costate. Pappus of capillary scabrous bristles. Flowers yellow. 



Subtribe V. AdenocatjlEjE. Heads heterogamous, discoid ; both female and her- 

 maphrodite (sterile or fertile) flowers with tubular more or less ampliate 4-5-toothed 

 or lobed corollas. Involucre not scarious. Receptacle naked. Akenes elongated, 

 striate or nerved : pappus none. Leaves alternate, partly floccose- woolly. (Here 

 also Carpesium, L.) 



63. ADENOCAULON. Heads several-many-flowered ; the marginal flowers female ; 

 the more numerous central ones hermaphrodite-sterile. Involucre of few thin-herbaceous 

 bracts. Receptacle flat, naked. Corollas all somewhat alike ; of the sterile flowers broadly 

 funnelf orm and deeply 4-5-cleft ; of the fertile ones less ampliate, either regularly 4-lobed or 

 (in the Chilian species) bilabiate, the outer lip 3-lobed ; the style of the former undivided, 

 somewhat clavate ; of the latter with short and broad stigmatic branches. Anthers sagittate, 

 and the auricles minutely but evidently caudate, connate. Akenes obovoid-oblong or 

 clavate, very obtuse, lightly 4-5-nerved, much exceeding the involucre, the upper part beset 

 with stout stipitate (nail-shaped) glands : ovary of the sterile flowers inane. Leaves floc- 

 cose-woolly underneath. 



Tribe V. HELiANTHOiDEiE. Heads heterogamous and the female flowers ligulate and 

 radiate, or rarely with corolla wanting, and in the latter case some are monoecious ; or 

 sometimes homogamous by the absence of the ligulate ray-flowers ; those of the disk 

 all with regularly 4-5-toothed tubular corolla. Receptacle paleaceous, i. e. with 

 bracts (paleas, chaff) subtending either all the disk-flowers or the marginal ones only, 

 except in the first subtribe and the peculiar uniflorous or 2-4-locular heads of the 

 third. Anthers at most sagittate, not caudate at base. Style-branches of hermaphro- 

 dite or sterile flowers (or the undivided style in some of the latter) truncate or con- 

 tinued into a hairy (from conical to subulate) appendage. Pappus various or none, 

 never of truly capillary bristles. Leaves more commonly opposite, at least the lower 

 ones. — A varied tribe of more than 100 genera. 



Subtribe I. Millerie^. Ray-flowers solitary or few and fertile: disk-flowers her- 

 maphrodite-sterile. Receptacle naked. Pappus none. (Artificial group.) 



64. PLTJMMERA. Heads of 2 to 5 ray and 6 or 7 disk-flowers. Involucre obpyramidal, 

 double; the outer composed of mostly 4 ovate-oblong obtuse carinate bracts, which arc 

 united to or above the middle into a coriaceous or cartilaginous cupule ; the inner of as 

 many barely equal cuneate-obovate plane alternating bracts, their rounded summit firm- 

 scarious. Receptacle flat, naked. Female flowers with a dilated-cuneate 3-lobed ligule on a 



