COMPOSITE. 73 



-I— Involucre many-flowered, from hemispherical to cylindraceous ; the bracts strictly erect, 

 not membranaceous, persistent, from oblong to oval, more or less carinate-concave in fruit 

 and partly receiving the subtended akene : herbage mostly floccose-woolly, not impressed- 

 punctate nor resinous-atomiferous : leaves alternate or opposite. 



143. SYNTRICHOPAPPUS. Involucre narrow, of about 5 equal and oblong carinate- 

 concave thinnish-herbaceous bracts, which are partly wrapped around the ray-akenes. Re- 

 ceptacle flat. Kay-flowers about 5, with oval ligules 3-lobed or toothed at summit. 

 Disk-corollas with very short proper tube, and elongated funnelform or cylindraceous throat, 

 the stamens therefore inserted near the base ; lobes 5, ovate-oblong. Anther-tips slender, 

 long-lanceolate or linear. Style-tips elongated-lanceolate, acute, flattened, of the Asteroid 

 type. Akenes linear-turbinate, 5-costate or angled, hairy. Pappus of numerous barbeUu- 

 late white bristles in a single series, rather shorter than the disk-corollas, paleaceously and 

 somewhat unequally united into a ring at base, deciduous, or in the second species wanting. 

 Low and branching annuals, short-peduncled. 



143. ERIOPHYLLUM. Involucre from hemispherical-campanulate to oblong, commonly 

 equalling the disk, of one or sometimes two series of oblong or narrower firm-herbaceous or 

 coriaceous permanently erect bracts, either distinct or sometimes partially united into a cup, 

 at least in fruit concave or concave-carinate at centre, into which concavity the subtended 

 akenes are partially received. Receptacle from convex or rarely conical to plane. Ray- 

 flowers usually with broad ligules, very rarely none. Disk-corollas with distinct and some- 

 times slender proper tube. Style-tips truncate, obtuse, or obscurely capitellate-conical. 

 Akenes narrow, from clavate-linear to cuneate-oblong, mostly 4-angled. Pappus of nerveless 

 and mostly pointless (rarely awned or setiform) palese. Floccose-tomentose or rarely glabrate 

 herbs, rarely suffruticose. 



.,_ 4_ Involucre many- (at least 12-20-) flowered ; the bracts wholly herbaceous, not colored 

 nor scarious-tipped, broad or broadish, plane or merely concave, equal and in a single or 

 hardly double series, not embracing akenes : receptacle small : corolla-lobes or teeth 

 short : herbage destitute of impressed punctures and resinous atoms, not floccose-lanate. 



144. BAHIA. Involucre hemispherical or obovate and lax or open in fruit; the plane 

 bracts distinct to and commonly narrower at the base. Receptacle small, mostly flat. 

 Female flowers with exserted ligules, or rarely none. Style-tips truncate or obtuse. Akenes 

 narrow, quadrangular. Pappus (rarely wanting) of several scarious paleffi, with callous- 

 thickened opaque base, which is sometimes extended into a strong midnerve (costa). 



145. AMBLYOPAPPTJS. Characters of Bahia; but involucre of only 5 to 6 broadly 

 obovate bracts, their centre in age more or less carinate-concave ; small receptacle conical ; 

 head discoid ; corollas all short-tubular, aud in the few female flowers minutely 2-3-toothed, 

 shorter than the style, in the hermaphrodite flowers 5-toothed, the teeth soon connivent. 

 Akenes elongated-obpyramidal, pubescent. Pappus of 8 to 12 oblong obtuse rather firm 

 palese, with merely thickened base and no costa, nearly equalling the corollas. 



H _ +- +- Involucre 3- 9-ftowered ; its bracts few, equal, broad and with roundish more or 

 less scarious-petaloid summit, concave-carinate : corollas only 5-toothed : herbage minutely 

 impressed-punctate and resinous-atomiferous. 



146. SCHKUHRIA. Heads effusely paniculate. Involucre clavate-turbinate or obpyrami- 

 dal, of 4 or 5 erect bracts and sometimes an accessory bractlet at base. Receptacle very 

 small. Female flowers only one or two, with a short or sometimes obsolete ligule not ex- 

 ceeding the hermaphrodite flowers, or altogether wanting. Akenes obpyramidal-tetragonal, 

 the faces not rarely 2-3-striate. Pappus of 8 scarious pale®, the larger often equalling the 

 short corolla, either nerveless with callous-thickened base, or with a prominent costa. Leaves 

 or their divisions filiform. 



^ ^_ ^ +_ Involucre many- (rarely 12-15-) flowered; its bracts mostly appressed, with 

 scarious-membranaceous and usually colored tips and sometimes margins : disk-corollas 

 deeply 5-cleft : anthers partly or wholly exserted : leaves alternate, not impressed-punc- 

 tate except in Hymenopappus : receptacle small and flat: heads except in two species 

 homogamous : flowers seldom yellow, but sometimes so. 

 147 HYMENOTHRIX. Involucre turbinate-campanulate, or in age more open, about 



30-flowered, shorter than the disk; its principal bracts 7 to 10, obovate or lanceolate-oblong, 



