COMPOSITE. 75 



Receptacle flat, naked, in one species bearing a few setiform bracts or fimbrillee among the 

 flowers. Corollas with short tube, long and narrow throat, and short teeth, or in the mar- 

 ginal flowers of some species with larger lobes or even imperfect palmate ligules, forming a 

 kind of ray. Anthers usually partly exserted. Style-branches pubescent nearly throughout, 

 slender, filiform or with attenuate-subulate tips. Pappus of hyaline nerveless pales (or 

 rarely with the vestige of a costa), in one species wanting. 



-i — n — -• — -►— h — -i — Involucre many-flowered, hemispherical; its bracts in 2 or 3 series, 

 thin-herbaceous, rather loose, sometimes unequal, from linear to oblong, plane : receptacle 

 flat, corneous-scrobiculate : disk^corollas with long and narrow throat and 5 short lobes 

 or teeth : style-branches with short and thickened obtuse tips : akenes linear-clavate or 

 cuneate-oblong, villous : pappus of 4 or 5 wholly hyaline paleas ; these erose or lacerate at 

 summit, or dissected into capillary bristles : leaves mostly alternate, woolly or glabrate. 



154. HULSEA. Bracts of the involucre linear or lanceolate. Ray-flowers numerous (10 

 to 60) and ligulate, but sometimes short and inconspicuous. Disk-corollas with proper tube 

 slender or narrow, but shorter than the cylindraceous throat. Akenes linear-cuneate, com- 

 pressed or somewhat tetragonal, soft-villous, especially the margins. Pappus of mostly 4 

 truncate palese, from erose or lacerate at summit to nearly entire. 



155. TRICHOPTILIUM. Bracts of the involucre about 20, equal; those of the outer 

 series ovate-lanceolate ; those of the inner narrowly spatulate or lanceolate and membrana- 

 ceous. Ray-flowers none. Disk-flowers 30 to 40 ; the corollas with very short tube, cylin- 

 draceous-funnelform throat, and 5 short ovate lobes, those of the marginal flowers slightly 

 enlarged after trie manner of Chcenactis, but regular, the nerves deeply intramarginal. 

 Anther-tips oblong-lanceolate. Style-branches linear, glabrous and with stigmatic lines 

 continued up to the obtuse tip. Akenes oblong-turbinate, 5-nerved or angled, hirsute-vil- 

 lous. Pappus of 5 ovate or oblong hyaline nerveless paleas, which are resolved above into 

 numerous slender bristles, the middle ones rather shorter than the corolla. 



# * # # Receptacle flattish or convex, many-flowered : ray-flowers female and fertile ; 

 those of the disk sterile : involucral bracts few in a single series, broad and plane, mem- 

 branaceous : akenes pyriform. 



156. BLENNOSPERMA. Involucre hemispherical or depressed ; its bracts 5 to 12, equal, 

 oblong, plane, herbaceous or partly membranaceous, the tips sometimes colored, the bases 

 somewhat united. Ray-flowers 5 to 12 : some of them in our species not rarely apetalous, 

 the others with ligule oblong or elliptical, entire, sessile on the ovary, being destitute, of tube : 

 style-branches flat, linear or oblong. Disk-flowers numerous (20 or more) : corollas with 

 narrow tube, abruptly expanded into a broadly campanulate 4-5-lobed limb : anthers oval : 

 style undivided, with capitate or disk-shaped apex : ovary abortive, a mere rudiment. 

 Akenes (of the ray) obscurely 8-10-ribbed, with small areola, wholly destitute of pappus ; 

 the surface powdered with papilla? which develop mucilage when wet. 



*#-**# Receptacle from convex to oblong : involucre many-flowered, various, of more 

 than one series of bracts, or irregular : akenes short, obpyramidal or turbinate, sometimes 

 more oblong, 5-10-costate or angled, mostly silky-villous or hirsute : disk-flowers all fer- 

 tile ; the corolla 4-5-toothed : leaves alternate, in many minutely impressed-punctate or 

 resinous-atomiferous. 



•)— Receptacle naked, i. e. destitute of awn-like fimbrillse among the flowers : style-branches 

 of the disk-flowers dilated-truncate and somewhat penicillate at tip. 



-H- Involucre erect, at least not spreading or reflexed. 



148. HYMENOPAPPUS, with turbinate or obpyramidal costate akenes, might be sought 

 here. 

 64. PLUMMERA is like Actinella.% Hymenoxys, without pappus, and disk-flowers sterile. 



157. ACTINELLA. Heads radiate (except in S. American species). Involucre campan- 

 ulate or hemispherical, or sometimes broader; its bracts in two or more series, somewhat 

 herbaceous or coriaceous, often rigid ; outer sometimes united. Receptacle from conical to 

 convex. Rays fertile. Pappus of 5 to 12 thin and mostly hyaline pales, with more or less 

 manifest costa or none; these sometimes truncate, more commonly acuminate or aristate at 

 tip. Mostly low herbs, and bitter-aromatic. 



